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The Muscular Sys. GA
Chapter 10: Muscular System GA Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cause movement by pulling one bone toward another across a moveable joint | Muscle Contractions |
| Attach muscles to bones and other connective tissues | Tendons |
| Normally attached to the more stationary of the bones involved in a joint | Origin |
| Largest portion of a muscle, located between the origin and the head | Belly |
| Muscle causing an action when it contracts | Agonist |
| Muscle which works against a movement in the opposite direction | Antagonist |
| The shape and size of a given muscle greatly influences the degree to which it can ___ and amount of force it can generate | Contract |
| Stabilize one or more joints crossed by the prime mover | Fixator |
| Very broad tendon | Aponeurosis |
| Insertion located at the superior nuchal line and mastoid process | Splenius capitis |
| Fasciculi are shorter at the base of the neck and leave a diamond shaped area over inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebral spines | Trapezius |
| Twisted neck; may result from injury to one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles | Torticollis |
| Rough, raspy noise that can occur when a sleeping person inhales through mouth and nose | Snoring |
| Stabilize they hyoid from below so the muscles above can depress the mandible | Infrahyoid muscles |
| Attached to pubic crest and symphysis pubis | Rectus abdominis |
| Attached to sternum and xiphoid process | Transversus thoracis |
| Connected to inferior and superior margins of each rib | Intercostalis |
| Elevates first and second ribs | Scalenus |
| Stimulated by the upper lumbar nerve to laterally flex vertebral column and depress 12th rib | Quadratus lumborum |
| Depresses scapula or elevates the ribs | Pectoralis minor |
| Fixes clavicle or elevates first rib | Subclavius |
| Rotates and protracts scapula and elevates the ribs | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by the ___ and the latissimus dorsi | Pectoralis major |
| Like three muscles in one; flexing shoulder, abducting the arm, and extending the shoulder | Deltoid |
| Primary muscles holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa | Rotator cuff muscles |
| Forms the upper chest | Pectoralis major |
| Involves forcefully closing the mouth and grinding food between teeth | Mastication |
| Muscles completely enclosed within the system which they function in moving | Intrinsic |
| Most the pelvic floor is formed by the coccygeus muscle and the ___ | Levator ani |
| The ___ and the buccinator pucker the mouth | Orbicularis oris |
| The muscle in charge of closing the eyelids and results in the wrinkles known as "crows feet" | Orbicularis oculi |
| Depress the mandible and elevate the larynx | Hyoid muscles |
| Group which accounts for most of the muscle mass in the lower back | Longissimus spinalis |
| Prime mover of the lateral group (head/neck) | Sternocleidomastoid |
| White line running from xiphoid process to pubis composed of white connective tissue rather than muscle | Linea alba |
| Pivot point | Fulcrum |
| Muscle fibers arranged like the barbs of a feather along a common tendon | Pennate |
| Fasciculi arranged in one direction along the long axis of the muscle | Parallel |
| Muscle fibers are arranged to form a much larger base than insertion | Convergent |
| Have fasciculi arranged in a circle around an opening and act as sphincters | Circular |
| Rigid shaft capable of turning about a pivot point | Lever |
| Most common lever class in the body | Class III |
| Weight located between the fulcrum and the pull | Class II |
| Fulcrum located between the force and the weight | Class I Lever |
| Raises the eyebrows and furrows the skin of the forehead | Occipitofrontalis |
| Droopy eyelid on one side due to nerve damage | Ptosis |
| The ___ of the mandible are some of the strongest muscles of the body | Elevators |
| Change tongue shape | Intrinsic muscles |
| Depress, protrude, retract and depress, and elevates the tongue | Extrinsic muscles |
| Tetanic contraction of the muscles around the opening of the larnyx | Laryngospasm |
| Opens the auditory tube to equalize pressure during swallowing | Salpingopharyngeus |
| Condition in which one or both eyes deviate in a medial or lateral direction | Strabismus |
| Can result from poor posture, being overweight, or from having poor fitness | Lower back pain |
| Causes major movement produced during quiet breathing | Diaphragm |
| Transect the rectus abdominis at three or sometimes more locations causing the muscle to appear segmented | Tendinous intersections |
| Inferior pelvic floor | Perineum |
| Major connection of the upper limb to the body is accomplished by ___ | Muscles |
| Extension of the elbow is accomplished by the ___ and the anconeus | Triceps brachii |
| Flexion of the elbow is accomplished by the brachialis, biceps brachii and ___ | Brachioradialis |
| Can result from forceful, repetitive use of forearm extensor muscles | Tennis elbow |
| Flex the hip, referred to in this way because of the two muscles common origin/insertion and because they produce the same movement | Iliopsoas |
| Contributes most of the mass that can be seen as the buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Means "tailor" | Sartorius |
| Anterior thigh muscles are the ___ and the sartorius | Quadriceps femoris |
| Longest muscle of the body | Sartorius |
| Named because in pigs these tendons can be used to suspend hams during curing | Hamstrings |
| Term involving any one of the four conditions associated with pain in the anterior portion of the leg | Shinsplints |
| Plantaris joins with the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment to form the ___ | Achilles tendon |
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