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Ch 34
Plant Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three kinds of vegetative organs that flowering plants posses? | roots, stems and leaves |
| What are the two major lineages that most flowering plants belong to? | Monocots: generally narrow-leaved flowering plants such as grasses. Eudicots: broad-leaved flowering plants such as roses |
| describe the shoot system of a plant | consists of leaves and stems. Also the node - the point where a leaf attaches to a stem - and internodes. |
| explain the three types of root systems | Taproot: eudicots, a single large deep-growing primary root with smaller lateral roots. Fibrous root system: monocots, composed of numerous thin roots that holds soil in place effectively. Prop roots: help support the shoot in plants aboveground |
| What is a bud? | an embryonic shoot. There is a lateral bud where each leaf meets the stem and at the tip of each stem/branch there is an apical bud |
| Leaves are well adapted for gathering light, describe this process | the blade of a leaf is a thin, flat structure, attached to the stem by the petiole, which holds the leaf at an almost perpendicular to the sun |
| what are the additional organelles that plants have and eukaryotes don't? | chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell wall |
| what is plasmodesmata? | pore-like structures that pass through primary cell walls, allowing substances to move freely from cell to cell without crossing the plasma membrane |
| what are the three plant tissue systems | vascular, dermal and ground |
| describe the vascular system | includes the xylem and phloem. it is the conductive or "plumbing" system |
| describe the dermal tissue system | the outer covering of the plant. all parts of the young plant body are covered by an epidermis. |
| describe the ground tissue system | makes up the rest of the plant. ground tissue functions primarily in storage, support, photosynthesis and the production of defensive and attractive substances |
| what are parenchyma cells? | the most numerous type of cell in young plants. they usually have thin walls and large central vacuoles. some store lipids or starch and others serve as packing material (support the stem) |
| what are collenchyma cells? | supporting cells that lay down primary cell walls that are thick in the corners. they provide support to leaf petioles, non woody stems, and growing organs |
| what are sclerenchyma cells? | the main supporting cells of a plant. there are elongated fibers and variously shaped sclereids. fibers often organize into bundles and sclereids may pack together very densely |
| what are vessel elements? | the water "pipeline" system in flowering plants, also formed from dead cells. they are generally larger in diameter than tracheids and form hollow tubes |
| describe the cells of the phloem | cells are alive when they do their job, unlike those of the xylem. the characteristic cell of the phloem is the sieve tube member. cells are arranged end-to-end and form long sieve tubes which transport carbs and other materials |
| Plants exhibit regions of: | Primary growth-leads to lengthening of the plant body and organ function. Secondary growth-growth in the diameter of stems and roots |
| in plants, the growth of leaves, flowers and fruits is | determinant - ceases to grow once adulthood is reached |
| in plants the growth of roots and stems is: | indeterminate - generated from specific regions of active cell division |
| what is the difference between apical meristems and lateral meristems? | apical: orchestrate primary growth lateral: orchestrate secondary growth |
| what is the root cap? | protects the delicate growing area of the root as it pushes through the soil, it also detects the pull of gravity and controls the downward growth of roots. |
| tissues of the root are divided into three zones: | cell divison, cell elongation, and cell differentiation |
| what are the zones in leaves that photosynthesize called? | mesophyll |
| in leaf anatomy, what is the function of veins? | supply mesophyll cells with water and minerals, and they transport the products of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant |
| describe vascular cambium and cork cambium | vascular cambium is tissue consisting of elongated cells that become secondary xylem and phloem. cork cambium produces waxy-walled protective cells that supplies some cells that become bark. |
| what is the difference between heartwood and sapwood? | heartwood is wood that is no longer conducting water and minerals in the tree. sapwood is actively conducting water and minerals in the tree. |
Created by:
cassidylm34
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