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Gene Expression ch16

Regulation of Gene Expression

QuestionAnswer
Explain eukaryotic gene expression must be regulated to ensure proper timing and location of protein production
Describe recognition sequence and TATA box in eukaryotic gene transcription recognition sequence: recognize by RNA polymerase. TATA box: where DNA begins to denature and expose the template strand
what are transcription factors? regulatory proteins that must assemble on the chromosome before RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter
How does a transcription complex form? TFIID binds to the TATA box; then other transcription factors bind, forming a transcription complex
besides the promoter, what are some other sequences that bind regulatory proteins? positive regulators - enhancers, negative regulators: repressors.
what are the two processes that occur in epigenetics? DNA methylation and chromosomal protein alterations
what occurs when cytosine residues in DNA are modified? a methyl group is covalently bonded to the 5' carbon - forming 5'-methylcytosine
what is chromatin remodeling? the alteration of chromatin structure.
Describe histones contained in a tight complex in nucleosomes, each histone has a positively charged "tail" at its N terminus with amino acids
what is the difference between histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylase? histone acetyltransferases change the tail's charge by adding acetyl groups to the amino acids - activating transcription. Histone deacetylase remodels groups from the histones, repressing transcription
what are the two kinds of chromatin visible during interphase? Euchromatin: diffuse and light-staining; contains DNA for mRNA transcription. Heterochromatin: condensed, dark-staining, contains genes not transcribed
explain how mRNA translation can be regulated cells can degrade mRNA when protein no longer needs to be made. Cells can block mRNA translation or alter how long new proteins persist in the cell
Created by: cassidylm34
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