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68WM6-A&P 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fat-storing tissue | Adipose |
| stage in mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles | anaphase |
| connective tissues consisting of fibers and a variety of cells in a sticky gel matrix | areolar |
| nerve fiber (conducts impulses away from neuron cell body) | axon |
| cellular organelle built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle | centriole |
| DNA + complex protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis | chromatin |
| hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells | cilia |
| shape in which cells are higher than they are wide | columnar |
| abnormal notching in an erythrocyte resulting from shrinking after suspension in a hypertonic solution | crenation |
| cell shape resembling a cube | cuboidal |
| contents of a cell, excluding nucleus and cell membrane | cytoplasm |
| process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons | dendrite |
| double stranded polymer of nuclotides consisting of a phosphate, nitrogenous base (ATG or C), and a sugar (deoxyribose) | DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) |
| separation of diffusable small and nondiffusible large particles and water through a semipermeable membrane | dialysis |
| movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration | diffusion |
| organelle; connected membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein is synthesized | endoplasmic reticulum |
| movement of small molecules through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure | filtration |
| motile "tail" (sperm in humans) | flagellum |
| specialized connective tissue which manufactures blood and lymphatic system cells | hemopoietic |
| greater osmotic pressure (than blood, for example) | hypertonic |
| lower osmotic pressure (than blood, for example) | hypotonic |
| period between two cell divisions when cell metabolizes and prepares to divide | interphase |
| organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lysosome |
| intercellular substance of a tissue | matrix |
| stage in mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell | metaphase |
| energy producer of the cell | mitochondria |
| cell division forming two genetically identical cells | mitosis |
| nerve cell | neuron |
| small structure in cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins | nucleolus |
| special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus | nucleoplasm |
| cellular organelle enclosed by a double layered porous membrane and containing DNA | nucleus |
| part of a cell that performs a specialized function | organelle |
| diffusion of water through a membrane | osmosis |
| process in which a cell engulfs and digests solids | phagocytosis |
| process in which a cell engulfs and digests liquids | pinocytosis |
| barrier between the contents of a cell and tissue fluid, forms the outer boundary of a cell | plasma membrane |
| stage of mitosis when chromosomes become visible | prophase |
| single stranded polymer of nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, nitrogenous base (AUGC) and the sugar ribose | RNA (ribonucleic acid) |
| organelle composed of RNA and protein; provide structural support for protein synthesis "protein factory" | Ribosome |
| flat-or plate-like cell shape | squamous |
| stage in mitosis when newly formed cells separate and cell division is complete | telophase |
| packages protein for shipping | golgi apparattus |
| contains the subjective, or what the patient states are his/her symptoms, along with background information | health history |
| contains the objective, or observed signs that are verifiable by one or more persons | physical assessment |
| Inspection, Palaption, Auscultation, Precussion | 4 techniques of physical assessment |
| Admission, Shift-to-shift, focused | 3 types of assessments |
| study of the structure, form, and organization of the body and its parts | anatomy |
| study of the functions of living organisms and their parts | physiology |
| body position standing erect, face and plams forward, with arms at the sides | anatomical position |
| lying horizontal facing upward | supine |
| lying horizontal facing downward | prone |
| in front of elbow | antecubital |
| wasting away of tissue | atrophy |
| armpit | axillary |
| inside the cheek | buccal |
| hollow places | cavities |
| the head | cephalic |
| the neck | cervical |
| the back | dorsal |
| the thigh | femoral |
| the groin | inguinal |
| lower back/spine | lumbar |
| the foot | pedal |
| behind the knee | popliteal |
| higher | superior |
| lower | inferior |
| front | anterior |
| back | posterior |
| side | lateral |
| middle | medial |
| further from the point of attachment | distal |
| closer to the point of attachment | proximal |
| nearer the surface | superficial |
| farther from the surface | deep |
| lengthwise plane at any location | sagittal |
| lengthwise plane dividing the body into two equal portions | midsagittal |
| physical and chemical changes that occur within the body | metabolism |
| divides the body into anterior and posterior sections | frontal plane |
| divides the body into upper and lower sections | transverse plane |
| Levels of organization (of living organisms) | Chemical, cell, tissues, organs, systems, organism |
| organizations of chemicals; smallest unit of life | cell |
| organizations of similar cells | tissues |
| organizations of different tissues | organs |
| organizations of many differentkinds of organs | organ systems |
| the living body, composed of organ systems working together | organism |
| major organ systems | integumentary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive |
| major body regions | axial and appendicular |
| head, neck, torso, trunk | axial region |
| upper and lower extremeties | appendicular |
| major body cavities | ventral and dorsal |
| cranial and spinal are part of this cavity | dorsal |
| thoracic and abdominopelvic are part of this cavity | ventral |
| heart and trachea are in this cavity | mediastinum |
| lungs are in this cavity | pleural |
| stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen are in this cavity | abdominal |
| reproductive organs, bladder, and intestines are part of this cavity | pelvic |
| substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms; used on living tissue | antiseptic |
| absence of infectious microorganisms | asepsis |
| person who harbors/spreads organism without showing signs/symptoms of infection | carrier |
| soiled, stained, touched by, or exposed to harmful agents | contamination |
| chemical used to destroy microorganisms; used on inanimate objects | disinfectants |
| infections caused by normal internal organisms | endogenous |
| infections caused by microorganisms from a source outisde the body | exogenous |
| inanimate object that is capable of harboring microorganisms | fomite |
| organism in which another organism is harbored and nurtured | host |
| body is invaded by a microorganism | infection |
| study of microscopic organisms | microbiology |
| microbe that causes disease in susceptible people | opportunist |
| disease-causing microorganism | pathogen |
| standards to protect healthcare workers from exposure to blood and body fluids of patients | standard precautions |
| number and capability of organisms needed to cause disease, death, or both | virulence |
| clean techniques, procedures to remove gross contamination | medical asepsis |
| removal of all micro organisms, sterile techniques | surgical asepsis |
| study of bacteria | bacteriology |
| dormant bacteria in a hard protein shell | spores |
| active bacteria with sticky covering formed under unfavorable conditions, can prevent an antibiotic from working effectively | capsule |
| bacteria that needs oxygen to thrive | aerobic |
| bacteria that thrives in absence of oxygen | anaerobic |
| round-shaped bacteria | cocci |
| rod-shaped bacteria | bacilli |
| spiral shaped bacteria | spirochetes |
| bacteria that grows in chain formation | strepto |
| bacteria that grows in pairs | diplo |
| bacteria that grows in clusters | staphylo |
| a test in which bacteria is grown for identification | culture |
| a test in which different antibiotics are tested for their effectiveness on a cultured bacteria | sensitivity |
| this is caused by improper use of antibiotic | resistance |
| study of viruses | virology |
| smallest disease causing agent | virus |
| study of fungi | mycology |
| antibiotics increase the risk of this kind of infection | fungal |
| study of parasites | parasitology |
| two types of parasites | protozoa and helminthic |
| biggest variable contributing to disease | susceptibility |
| the body's first line of defense | skin, cilia, normal flora, mucus membranes |
| the body's second line of defense | phagocytes, lysozymes, digestive enzymes |
| the body's third line of defense | humoral immune response (antibodies |
| factors contributing to susceptibility | age, immune status, points of entry, nutrition, medical treatment, the virulence invasiveness, and body response to the infecting agent |
| factors contributing to hospital acquired infections | antibiotics, lack of aseptic technique, shortage of staff, different types of health workers, overcrowning of hospitals, medications, surgeries |
| gland whose secretions contain parts of secretory cells | apocrine gland |
| smooth muscle in skin associated with a hair fillicle | arector pili muscle |
| layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue | basement membrane |
| protein in connective tissue and in bone matrix | collagen |
| pertaining to the skin | cutaneous |
| thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis | dermis |
| sweat gland that maintains body temperature | eccrine |
| outer epithelial layer of the skin | epidermis |
| tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops | hair follicle |
| skin and accessory organs form this system | integumentary system |
| protein in epidermis, hair, and nails | keratin |
| process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden | keratinization |
| dark pigment normally found in skin and hair | melanin |
| melanin-producing cells | melanocytes |
| skin gland that secretes sebum | sebaceous glands |
| beneath the skin | subcutaneous |
| exocrine gland in skin that secretes a misture of water, salt, urea, and bodily wastes | sweat (sudoriferous) gland |
| three main layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| outer layer of skin, protects the body from water loss, mechanical injury, chemicals, mocroorganisms, and allows skin to repair itself | epidermis |
| thick inner layer of skin composed mostly of connective tissue, has the blood supply which nourishes inner part of epidermis | dermis |
| layer of connective tissue and adipose beneath dermis, conserves heat, stores energy, and serves as an insulator | subcutaneous |
| accessory organs of the integumentary system | hair, nails, sweat glands, eccrine glands, apocrine glands, sensory receptors, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous glands |
| bilayered sheets covering organs and lining body cavities | serous membranes |
| the two layers of serous membrane in the pleural cavity | visceral pleura, parietal pleura |
| the two layers of serous membrane in the pericardial cavity | visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium |
| the two layers of serous membrane in the abdominal cavity | visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum |
| risk factors for pressure ulcers | bed/chair confinement; inability to move; loss of bowel/bladder controm; poor nutrition |
| contributing factors for pressure ulcers | decreased mental awareness; obesity; dehydration; sweating; age; edema |
| stage I pressure ulcer sign | non-blanchable erythema |
| stage II pressure ulcer sign | partial thickness skin loss (can appear like abrasion, blister, or shallow crater) |
| stage III pressure ulcer sign | Full thickness skin loss; susbcutaneous tissue damaged or necrotic |
| stage IV pressure ulcer sign | full tissue skin loss with damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures |
| four main kinds of tissues in the body | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| this type of tissue covers body surfaces and organs, lines body cavities, has no blood supply, and is composed of tightly packed cells | epithelial tissue |
| this tissue is the most aboundant and widely distributed tissue in the body; "cells in a matrix" | connective tissue |
| This tissue is the movement specialist of the body, attaches to bones, composes the heart, and is found in the walls of hollow organs | muscle tissue |
| this type of tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and perhipheral nerves | nervous tissue |
| device for receiving feces and urine from either male or female patients confined to bed | bedpan |
| corner of the eye | canthus |
| ear wax | cerumen |
| waterproof pads | chux |
| artificial teeth | dentures |
| circular area around the eye | curcumorbital |
| sweating | diaphoresis |
| redness | erythema |
| science of health, care of the skin, hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, back, and perineum | hygeine |
| care of the oral cavity that helps maintain a health state of the mouth, teeth, gums, and lips | oral hygeine |
| care of the genitals | perineal care |
| normal movement that any joint is capable of making | range of motion |
| lying on the side | sim's position |
| fainting | syncope |
| device for collecting urine | urinal |
| dizziness | vertigo |
Created by:
ewoff85
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