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Microbiology Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A mature virus particle? | Viron |
| Viruses contain? | DNA or RNA |
| The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid is called? | Capsid |
| The capsid is composed of a number of protein units called? | Capsomeres |
| Membrane derived from a host cell? | Envelope |
| Some viruses have _______ on the viral surface. | Spikes |
| Spikes are found only on _____ viruses. | Enveloped viruses |
| Spikes aid in? | Absorption |
| A naked piece of nucleic acid, like RNA, that can be infectious is? | Viroid |
| Viruses are classified by what 4 categories? | Size, nucleic acid, morphology, and number of capsomeres. |
| Viruses are grown in? | Lab animals, embryonated eggs, cell cultures, or bacterial cultures. |
| The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by what 4 things? | Host species, type of cells, attachment sites, and cell factors. |
| A virus attaches to a cell membrane? | Absorption |
| The virus is engulfed into the cell? | Penetration |
| Once inside the cell, the virus looses its capsid? | Uncoating |
| The viral DNA/RNA replicates by using the host cell's DNA? | Biosynthesis |
| A new viral particle? | Progeny |
| New viruses appear in the nucleus or cytoplasm? | Maturation |
| New viruses are also called? | Inclusion bodies or elementary particles. |
| When the new viruses burst out of the host cell, they create what with pieces of the nuclear membrane? | Envelopes |
| A tadpole virus that infects bacteria? | Bacteriophage or just phage. |
| A disease process that occurs gradually over a long period of time? | Slow virus infection |
| A few slow virus infections are? | Rubella, scrapie, CJV, Kuru. |
| What kind of virus remains in the host dormant after a long period but can still produce disease? | Latent virus |
| An example of a latent virus is? | Herpes simplex |
| What virus causes warts? | Papovavirus |
| What virus causes the common cold? | Rhinovirus |
| What virus causes mononucleosis? | EBV or Epstein Batt virus |
| The AEDES mosquito spreads which virus? | Arbovirus or togavirus, which causes Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Breakbone fever. |
| What virus causes rabies? | Rhabdovirus |
| Inclusion bodies produced in the brain of the cerebellum are called? | Negri bodies |
| Hep. A is found in? | Contaminated food, it enters via the GI tract. |
| Hep. B is found in? | Contaminated needles, sexual contact, and body fluids. |
| A blue-green or yellow-green pigment? | Pyocyanin |
| Which gram negative rod bacteria has a grape like odor? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes? | Infection of the otitis (outer ear), UTIs, respiratory, and burns. |
| What bacteria is found in the intestines of humans, and is anaerobic gram negative rods? | Pseudomonas acne |
| List all 8 enterics or coli-forms: | Salmonella, shigella, E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia, proteus, yersinia. (SSSEEKPY) |
| A bacterial infection spread from deer? | Lyme disease- Borrelia burgdorferi |
| What bacteria is the greatest cause of blindness? | C. trachomatis |
| What bacteria causes Parrot fever? | C. psittaci |
| What bacteria can you get from chickens, ducks, pigeons, and turkeys? | Ornithosis |
| What bacteria causes walking pneumonia or atypical pneumonia? | M. pneumoniae, PPLO (Pleural Pneumonia Like Organisms) |
| What bactera causes TB? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it's also an acid fast rod. |
| What two bacteria are in the Neisseria family? | N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis |
| The two gram positive cocci are? | Staph and Strept |
| The gram negative cocci is? | Neisseria |
| The two anaerobic wound infections are? | Bacteroids and Clostridium perfringenes |
| The study of fungi is called? | Mycology |
| Unicellular fungi are? | Yeasts |
| Multicellular fungi are? | Molds |
| Yeast reproduce by? | Budding |
| Molds produce thread-like filaments called? | Hyphae |
| Hyphae with cross walls are called? | Septate hyphae |
| Hyphae without cross walls are called? | Aseptate or nonseptate hyphae |
| A mass of hyphae is called? | Mycelium |
| Mycelium that obtain nutrients are called? | Vegetative mycelium (the roots) |
| Mycelium that produce spores are called? | Reproductive or aerial mycelium. |
| Spores do what for molds? | They are a means of reproduction. |
| What are the 5 asexual spores? | Arthrospores, blastospores, chlamydiospores, conidiospores, and sporangiospores. |
| What asexual spore is fragmented or rectangular? | Arthrospores |
| What asexual spore buds? | Blastospores |
| What asexual spore has thick walls, which are formed by segmentation of hyphae? | Chlamydiospore |
| Chlamydiospores have 3 kinds: | Terminal (at the end of the hyphae), intercalary (within the hyphae), and sessile (which are on the sides). |
| What asexual spore is produced in a chain? | Conidiospores |
| What are the various Conidiospore structures? | Microcondia (little hairs), and Macroconidia (in a pod). Then we have Conidiophore (the trunk), vesicles (the body), phialide (fingers or branches), and conidia (the attached spores, no more then 6). |
| Penicillin is shaped like a: | Goblet |
| Aspergillus is shaped like a: | Medusa with snakes! |
| What asexual spore forms at the end of a hyphae? | Sporangiospores |
| What are the 3 kinds of sexual spores? | Ascospores, basidiospores, and zygospores. |
| What sexual spore passes the nucleus of a male thru a bridge into a female cell and fuse? | Ascospores |
| The female sexual spore cell becomes an? | Ascus (sac like structure which contains 2-8 ascospores) |
| What sexual spore forms on a pedestal? | Basidiospores, the pedestal is called a Basidium. |
| What sexual spore is produced when two hyphae form an arm and extend to meet each other? | Zygospore or oospore. |
| A __________ is formed when two hyphae form a thick wall. | Zygosporangium |
| Some fungi have 2 forms of growth: | Dimorphic |
| Dimorphic fungi grow at ____ as a yeast, and at ____ as a mold. | 37 degrees, and 25 degrees. |
| What are the two phylums of fungi? | Perfect fungi- non-pathogens, and Imperfect fungi- pathogenic in humans. |
| Imperfect fungi reproduce by? | Asexual reproduction |
| Ringworm is caused by: | Tinea |
| Ringworm of the nails: | Tinea unguium |
| Ringworm of the beard and neck: | Tinea barbae |
| Ringworm of the scalp: | Tinea capitis |
| Ringworm of the scalp has two kinds: | Ectothrix (outside the hair shaft) and Endothrix (inside the hair shaft) |
| Ringworm of the body: | Tinea corporis |
| Ringworm of the groin and anal region: | Tinea cruris |
| Ringworm of the foot: | Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot) |
| Ringworm that discolors areas of the skin: | Tinea vesicolor |
| A dimorphic fungi found in timber, rose thorns, and metal: | Sporothrix, causes "Rose fever" |
| A normal flora of the bowel, skin, vagina: | Candida albicans- diamorphic yeast |
| Candida albicans can cause the follow issues: | Oral thrush and vulvovaginities. It also affects the nails, lungs, urinary, intestinal, and brain and blood. |
| Candia albicans is identified by: | Grown at room temp., grows as a smooth white colony with a wine odor. |
| A __________ is a hyphae that proceeds from a bud. | Germ tubes |
| Aspergillus causes: | A fungus ball in the lungs! |
| What are the 4 classifications of medical mycosis-fungal diseases? | Superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic. |
| What kind of fungal disease infects the outer layer of skin, nails, hair? | Superficial |
| What kind of fungal disease destroys the keratin of the skin, hair, nails? | Cutaneous |
| What kind of fungal disease infects the skin, muscles, and connective tissues? | Subcutaneous |
| What kind of fungal disease infects deep tissues and organs? | Systemic |
| A fungal disease that spreads throughout the body is said to: | Disseminate |
| What are the two categories of parasites? | Protozoans and helminths. |
| Protozoans reproduce: | Sexually and asexually. |
| What are the two kinds of Helminths? | Flatworms and Roundworms. |
| Which host harbors the adult stage helminth? | Definitive host |
| Which host harbors the larva stage helminth? | Intermediate host |
| Flatworms have both male and female parts: | They are hermaphroditic. |
| What are the 4 important kinds of flukes (flatworms)? | Intestinal, lung, liver, and blood. |
| The life cycle of a fluke includes: | Eggs --> miracidium (which hatch, enter a snail) --> produces Rediae --> which develop into Cercaria (which bore out of the snail) --> they penetrate crayfish and encyst as a Metacercaria --> Humans or a larger fish eat this and it develops into a fluke. |
| The head of a tapeworm is called? | Scolex |
| The sections or segments on a tapeworm are called? | Proglottids |
| Proglottids in the neck region are called? | Immature proglottids |
| Proglottids that contain reproductive organs are called? | Mature proglottids |
| The large proglottids at the end of the tapeworm that contain the eggs are called? | Gravid proglottids |
| Arthropods that transmit diseases by sucking human blood are: | Mites, ticks, lice, fleas, mosquitoes, assassin/kissing bugs. |
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