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The branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds
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An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
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Organic Chem Qtr 3
Organic Chem Qtr 3 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds | Organic Chemistry |
| An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen | Hydrocarbon |
| A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance without indicating how they are linked | Molecular Formula |
| A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the linkage of every atom | Structural Formula |
| The possession by 2 or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same # of atoms of each element but in a different arrangement | Isomerism ex: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose (C6H12O6) |
| A condensed version of the structural formula, written all on one line and demonstrating the relationship of the substituent groups in a molecule | Line Formula |
| Expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons | Type Formula |
| Pertaining to any member of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branched chain structures | Aliphatic |
| A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound & that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound | Functional Group |
| A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol R denoting a radical | General Formula |
| The existence of an element in 2 or more distinct forms ex: O, O2, O3 | Allotropism |
| A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds | Saturated Hydrocarbon |
| A saturated hydrocarbon that has only carbon-carbon single bonds Type Formula: CnH2n+2 | Alkane |
| A monovalent radical formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom Type Formula: CnH2n+1 | Alkyl Group |
| An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached. Gen. Formula: RX | Alkyl Halide |
| An organic compound that has one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms | Unsaturated Hydrocarbon |
| An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond Type Formula: CnH2n | Alkene |
| An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond Type Formula: CnH2n-2 | Alkyne |
| Any compound containing a resonace-stabilized ring | Aromatic |
| Pertaining to ring compounds that contain one or more elements other than carbon in the ring | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| A large molecule made by linking together any number of monomers, or basic chemical units | Polymer |
| An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups. Gen. Formula: ROH | Alcohol |
| An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group ex: Isopropanol, Tert-butanol | Monohydroxy Alcohol |
| An alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups ex:Ethylene Glycol | Dihydroxy Alcohol |
| An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups ex: Glycerol | Trihydroxy Alcohol |
| Those alcohols generally having more than three hydroxyl groups ex: Sorbitol | Polyhydroxyl Alcohol |
| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon ex: Methanol (Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol) Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol, Grain Alcohol) | Primary Alcohol |
| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons ex: Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol, Rubbing Alcohol) | Secondary Alcohol |
| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to three other carbons ex: Tert-butanol | Tertiary Alcohol |
| A chemical compound similar to alcohol in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfhydral group (-SH) Gen Formula: RSH | Thioalcohol/Mercaptan |
| Any organic compound with the gen. formula ROR', where R & R' are hydrocarbon groups formed by dehydration between two alcohols | Ether *Formed during the dehydration of an alcohol where sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is the dehydrating agent |
| An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol Gen Formula: RCHO *-CHO is at the end of the chain | Aldehyde |
| Name some examples of aldehydes | *Methanal (Formaldehyde, HCHO) *Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) *Benzaldehyde (an aromatic) |
| An organic compound containing two aldehyde radicals ex: Glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde | Dialdehyde |
| Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume | Formalin |
| Any of a class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain | Ketone ex: Propanone (Acetone) |
| How are ketones formed? What is their general formula? | *By the oxidation of a secondary alcohol *Gen Formula: RCOR |
| An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH) at the end of the carbon chain *Gen Formula: RCOOH | Carboxylic Acid ex: Methanoic Acid (Formic Acid) Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid, Vinegar) |
| A compound with the general formula RCOOR' formed from an alcohol and organic acid by the removal of wather *Functional group is in the middle of the chain | Ester ex: Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Salicylate (Oil of Wintergreen) |
| An organic compound containing nitrogen; formed from ammonia by replacement of 1 or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals Gen Formula: RNH2 *Organic Base, -NH2=Amino Group (functional group) | Amine ex: Methyl Amine |
| Any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl (C=O) for hydrogen or from an organic acid by replacing the -OH of the carboxyl with an amino group | Amide ex: Diethyl Formamide, Urea |
| Name the general formula for an amide. How are they formed? | *Gen Formula: RCONHR *Formed by the reaction of an organic acid with ammonia or with amines **Salts formed by a neutralization reaction *Have an amide bond btn. a carbonyl group and a nitrogen |
| Surface-active agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral, and nasal cavities & instruments; germicidal ex: Benzyl Alkonium Chloride(Zephiran Chloride, Roccal) | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds |
| How are QUATS formed? Name the quaternary ammonium ion. | *Quaternary ammonium salts are formed by the action of tertiary amines with organic halides *[NR4+] |
| A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydroxy alcohol | Carbohydrate |
| A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO) | Aldose |
| A sugar whose functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and a ketone group (C=O) | Ketose |
| The simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule **they CANNOT be hydrolyzed to a smaller carb. molecule | Monosaccharide |
| Name 3 Monosaccharides | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose *Molecular Formula: C6H12O6 |
| What does the oxidation of monosaccharides produce? | Carbon Dioxide and Water |
| A carbohydrate formed by the linking of two monosaccharide units (also forms water in a dehydration synthesis reaction) *Hydrolysis yields monosaccharides | Disaccharide |
| Name 3 Disaccharides | Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose *Molecular Formula: C12H22O11 |
| A polymer made by linking together a number of simple sugar molecules (3+) *Hydrolysis yields disaccharides, further hydrolysis yields monosaccharides | Polysaccharide |
| Name 3 Polysaccharides | Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose |
| A 5 carbon sugar molecule | Pentose |
| A 6 carbon sugar molecule | Hexose |
| An animal starch made by forming chains of alpha glucose molecules; storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle | Glycogen |
| A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down by water | Hydrolysis |
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