Organic Chem Qtr 3 Final
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| The branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds | Organic Chemistry
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| An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen | Hydrocarbon
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| A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance without indicating how they are linked | Molecular Formula
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| A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the linkage of every atom | Structural Formula
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| The possession by 2 or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same # of atoms of each element but in a different arrangement | Isomerism
ex: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose (C6H12O6)
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| A condensed version of the structural formula, written all on one line and demonstrating the relationship of the substituent groups in a molecule | Line Formula
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| Expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons | Type Formula
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| Pertaining to any member of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branched chain structures | Aliphatic
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| A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound & that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound | Functional Group
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| A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol R denoting a radical | General Formula
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| The existence of an element in 2 or more distinct forms ex: O, O2, O3 | Allotropism
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| A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds | Saturated Hydrocarbon
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| A saturated hydrocarbon that has only carbon-carbon single bonds Type Formula: CnH2n+2 | Alkane
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| A monovalent radical formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom Type Formula: CnH2n+1 | Alkyl Group
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| An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached. Gen. Formula: RX | Alkyl Halide
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| An organic compound that has one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms | Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
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| An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond Type Formula: CnH2n | Alkene
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| An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond Type Formula: CnH2n-2 | Alkyne
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| Any compound containing a resonace-stabilized ring | Aromatic
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| Pertaining to ring compounds that contain one or more elements other than carbon in the ring | Heterocyclic Compounds
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| A large molecule made by linking together any number of monomers, or basic chemical units | Polymer
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| An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups. Gen. Formula: ROH | Alcohol
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| An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group ex: Isopropanol, Tert-butanol | Monohydroxy Alcohol
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| An alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups ex:Ethylene Glycol | Dihydroxy Alcohol
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| An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups ex: Glycerol | Trihydroxy Alcohol
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| Those alcohols generally having more than three hydroxyl groups ex: Sorbitol | Polyhydroxyl Alcohol
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| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon ex: Methanol (Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol) Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol, Grain Alcohol) | Primary Alcohol
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| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons ex: Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol, Rubbing Alcohol) | Secondary Alcohol
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| An alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to three other carbons ex: Tert-butanol | Tertiary Alcohol
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| A chemical compound similar to alcohol in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfhydral group (-SH) Gen Formula: RSH | Thioalcohol/Mercaptan
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| Any organic compound with the gen. formula ROR', where R & R' are hydrocarbon groups formed by dehydration between two alcohols | Ether
*Formed during the dehydration of an alcohol where sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is the dehydrating agent
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| An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol Gen Formula: RCHO *-CHO is at the end of the chain | Aldehyde
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| Name some examples of aldehydes | *Methanal (Formaldehyde, HCHO)
*Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)
*Benzaldehyde (an aromatic)
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| An organic compound containing two aldehyde radicals ex: Glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde | Dialdehyde
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| Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume | Formalin
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| Any of a class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain | Ketone
ex: Propanone (Acetone)
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| How are ketones formed? What is their general formula? | *By the oxidation of a secondary alcohol
*Gen Formula: RCOR
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| An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH) at the end of the carbon chain *Gen Formula: RCOOH | Carboxylic Acid
ex: Methanoic Acid (Formic Acid)
Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid, Vinegar)
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| A compound with the general formula RCOOR' formed from an alcohol and organic acid by the removal of wather *Functional group is in the middle of the chain | Ester
ex: Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Salicylate
(Oil of Wintergreen)
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| An organic compound containing nitrogen; formed from ammonia by replacement of 1 or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals Gen Formula: RNH2 *Organic Base, -NH2=Amino Group (functional group) | Amine
ex: Methyl Amine
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| Any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl (C=O) for hydrogen or from an organic acid by replacing the -OH of the carboxyl with an amino group | Amide
ex: Diethyl Formamide, Urea
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| Name the general formula for an amide. How are they formed? | *Gen Formula: RCONHR
*Formed by the reaction of an organic acid with ammonia or with amines
**Salts formed by a neutralization reaction
*Have an amide bond btn. a carbonyl group and a nitrogen
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| Surface-active agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral, and nasal cavities & instruments; germicidal ex: Benzyl Alkonium Chloride(Zephiran Chloride, Roccal) | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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| How are QUATS formed? Name the quaternary ammonium ion. | *Quaternary ammonium salts are formed by the action of tertiary amines with organic halides
*[NR4+]
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| A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydroxy alcohol | Carbohydrate
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| A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO) | Aldose
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| A sugar whose functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and a ketone group (C=O) | Ketose
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| The simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule **they CANNOT be hydrolyzed to a smaller carb. molecule | Monosaccharide
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| Name 3 Monosaccharides | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
*Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
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| What does the oxidation of monosaccharides produce? | Carbon Dioxide and Water
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| A carbohydrate formed by the linking of two monosaccharide units (also forms water in a dehydration synthesis reaction) *Hydrolysis yields monosaccharides | Disaccharide
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| Name 3 Disaccharides | Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
*Molecular Formula: C12H22O11
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| A polymer made by linking together a number of simple sugar molecules (3+) *Hydrolysis yields disaccharides, further hydrolysis yields monosaccharides | Polysaccharide
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| Name 3 Polysaccharides | Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
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| A 5 carbon sugar molecule | Pentose
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| A 6 carbon sugar molecule | Hexose
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| An animal starch made by forming chains of alpha glucose molecules; storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle | Glycogen
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| A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down by water | Hydrolysis
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