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MolecularBiology13

QuestionAnswer
initiation The first stage of DNA replication in which the replication apparatus is assembled at a unique site on the bacterial chromosome.
termination The complete halt of transcription with complex dissociation.
elongation The second stage of DNA replication, in which the leading strand is synthesized continuously and the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.
RNA polymerase The enzyme that copies the information present in a DNA template into RNA.
RNA polymerase holoenzyme A large multisubunit protein that is the fully active form of E. coli RNA polymerase.
template strand The pre-formed strand of DNA that determines the order of attachment to the primer strand according to base pairing rules.
coding (sense) strand The nontemplate DNA strand that has the same nucleotide sequence as the transcribed RNA (except that T replaces U).
sigma (s) factor A component of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme required for specific binding to promoter sites on DNA.
footprinting A technique in which a protein is added to DNA that has been labeled at its 5 or 3 end and the complex is incubated with DNase (or a chemical that cleaves DNA) for such a short period of time that on average each DNA molecule receives no more than 1 singl
-35 promoter region
-10 box promoter region A/T rich. A hexamer sequence that is a promoter element centered about 10 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site.
consensus sequence An idealized sequence that indicates the most frequently found base in each position of many actual sequences.
open complex A complex formed during the transcription initiation stage in which the DNA strands have separated from to form a bubble, exposing the transcription start site.
closed complex A complex formed early in transcription initiation stage in which the DNA is still completely double helical.
sigma70 major sigma factor during exponential growth
extended -10 element A supplementary sequence element located one base upstream from the -10 box that allows RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bind to a few promoters that lack a -35 box.
open claw beginning
closed claw RNA synthesis
promoter escape RNA polymerase becomes free of the promoter and moves downstream as it elongates the RNA.
abortive transcription A stage of transcription in which RNA molecules are synthesized and released before transcription can progress to the elongation stage.
abortive transcription A stage of transcription in which RNA molecules are synthesized and released before transcription can progress to the elongation stage.
intrinsic termination Termination of transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase without the help of any additional factors.
Rho-dependent termination Termination of transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase in the presence of Rho factor.
Rho factor A protein involved in assisting E. coliRNA polymerase to terminate transcription at Rho-dependent terminators.
Rho utilization (rut) site Cytosine-rich region at which Rho factor loads onto nascent mRNAs.
Created by: yayitzlauren
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