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Science Ch 11 Vocab
vocab words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A large body of air covering hundreds or thousands of square kilometers that has a relativly uniform temperature, pressure and humidity. | air mass |
| In Meteorology. a region with relatively uniform temperature and humidity over which air masses form. | source region |
| An air mass that is warmer than the surface over which it moves. | warm air mass |
| An air mass that is colder than the surface over which it moves. | cold air mass |
| A zone of contact between two dissimilar air masses where neither is advancing. It usually results in no change in the weather for several days | stationary front |
| The advancing surface of a warm air mass as it pushes against and over a cooler air mass | warm front |
| The advance surface of a cold air mass as it moves under a warmer air mass. | cold front |
| A line of violent thunderstorm that sometimes accompanies an advancing cold front. | squall line |
| A front formed when a cool air mass and rapidly moving cold air mass trap a warm air mass between them. The warm air mass is lifted, losing all contact with the ground. | occluded front |
| A regional wind system that reverses periodically, alternately bringing wet and dry seasons. | monsoon |
| The horizontal force exerted on a mass of air that has a higher pressure on one side than on the other | pressure gradient force |
| A high-altitude wind that is controlled by the relative influence of the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis effect. | geostrophic wind |
| A weather system centered on a low-pressure area surrounded by a wind circulation pattern spiraling counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. | cyclone |
| An area of relatively higher atmospheric pressure. It typically contains a clockwise rotating wind system in the Northern Hemisphere. | anticyclone |
| A high speed meandering wind current, flowing from west to east | jet stream |
| A breeze that blows onshore from the ocean, usually during the daytime. | sea breeze |
| A breeze that blows from shore to sea, usually at night. | land breeze |
| A breeze that blows up on a mountainside from the valley when air high on the mountain heats and rises. | valley breeze |
| A breeze that flows down the mountain into the valley at night that is caused by cooling air at higher elevations | mountain breeze |
| Consistent winds extending from the subtropical highs toward the equator, turned by the Coriolis effect into easterlies | trade winds |
| Winds blowing consistently from southwest to northeast between 30 and 60 north and south latitudes | prevailing westerlies |
| Winds blowing consistently from northeast to southwest from the northern polar region bringing cold dry air to Asia and North America | polar easterlies |
| A permanent low pressure belt of usually windless air near the equator caused the vertical rising of warm air. | doldrums |
| Bands of nearly permanent high pressure at approximately 30 north or south latitude caused by descending cold air. | horse latitudes |
| The prevailing low pressure belt at approximately 60 north or south latitude | subpolar low |
| An area of high atmospheric pressure at either pole caused by subsiding cold air | polar high |
| A rainstorm that includes lightning and thunder | thunderstorm |
| A towering cumulonimbus cloud that builds rapidly | thunderhead |
| An electrical discharge that occurs either between clouds or between cloud and the ground | lightning |
| Prior to a lightning stroke, a zigzag column of highly ionized air that establishes the chanel for subsequent lightning discharges and return strokes | Stepped Leader |
| A lightning discharge from the ground up to a cloud along the ionized path taken by the original strike from the cloud to the ground | Return Stroke |
| Lightning consisting of branches connected to the main stroke. | Forked Lightning |
| A violent, narrow,rotating funny shaped local windstorm. | Tornado |
| A tornado that occurs over seas | Waterspout |
| In atlantic and Eastern Pacific oceans, a strong, large area cyclonic storm with wind speeds exceeding 117km | Hurricane |
| What hurricanes are called in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean regions | Typhoon |
| See Cyclone and Hurricane | cyclone (Hurricane) |
| The circular center of low pressure in a hurricane that is characterized by few clouds , relative calm, and vertical air movement | Eye |
| The larger than normal surface waves that proceed outward fron a slow movung hurricane | Storm Swell |
| The large increase in sea level along the shores of a nearby hurricane | Storm Surge |
| A metal rod attached to the highest points of a building | Lightning Rod |
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Volcomizer
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