click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Digestive Part 2
Lecture Unit 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Small Intestine | Lined w/ simple columnar epithelium. Suspended by the messentary proper. Functions: majority of chemical digestion: bile from liver, enzymes from pancreas. Nutrient absorption. |
Regions of the small intestine | Duodenum-10 inches. Jejunum-8 feet. Ileum-11 feet. |
Three things that increase surface are a for absorption | 1. Plicae circulares (circular folds): macroscopic, slow the chyme. 2. Villi: microscopic. 3. Microvilli: microscopic. Apical surface of epithelial cells. Brush border. |
Hernias | Intestines go through unintended opening. Hiatal, Umbilical, Inguinal, Femoral (lateral side). |
Functions of the Large intestine | Absorbs water and electrolytes. Forces feces toward rectum. |
Special features of the large intestine | 1. Teniae coli-3 longitudinal layers of muscle. find appendix where they meet. 2. Haustra-sacks or bulges. 3. Epiploic appendages-fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum. |
Large Intestine Structures | Cecum (lower R. quad.), Ileocecal Valve, Appendix, Ascending colon, Hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal. |
Rectum | Well-developed muscle. Able to generate strong contractions. |
Rectal Valves | Prevent feces from being passed with flatus (gas). |
Anal Canal | Internal anal sphincter is involuntary smooth muscle. External anal sphincter is voluntary skeletal muscle. Anal sinuses. |
Anal Sinuses | Pressure from passing fecal matter causes excess mucous to be released. Lubricates the anal canal during defecation. |
Appendicitis | Fecal matter obstructs the appendix. Swells and bursts if untreated. Peritonitis: inflammation of peritoneum. |
Intestinal obstruction | Any hindrance to movement of chyme or feces through intestine. Exs. tumor, hairball. |
Inflammatory bowel disease | Periodic inflammation of intestinal wall. Symptoms include cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, intestinal bleeding. |
Colorectal Cancer | Second most common cancer. Most arise from intestinal polyps. Colonoscopy. |
Digestive Accessory Organs | Not art of the GI tract, but they secrete substances into it to facilitate digestion. Include: pancreas, liver, gallbladder. |
Pancreas exocrine functions | Produces digestive enzymes and dumps them into the duodenum. |
Lobes of the Liver | Right, Left, Quadrate, Caudate. Upper right quadrant. Regenerative! Regrows to fill up available space. Label. |
Liver Functions | Production of bile. Dexification of poisons, metabolites, & drugs. RBC recycling w/ spleen. Storage of excess nutrients. Production of proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen. |
Gall Bladder | Stores & concentrates bile. Bile is made in the liver. Ducts dump into duodenum. Label: left hepatic, right hepatic, common hepatic, cystic, common bile ducts. |
Cirrhosis | Liver cells destroyed and replaced by connective tissue. Caused by alcoholism. One cause of jaundice; build up of bilirubin from RBC recycling. Causes yellowing of sclera and skin. Treatment: liver transplant. Liver rots inside you. |
Viral Hepatitis | Inflammation of liver. Flu-like symptoms and jaundice. |
Gallstones | Crystallization of cholesterol. |
Peritoneal Cavity | Parietal and visceral peritoneum. Serous membranes of abdominopelvic cavity. Space between contains lubricating serous fluid. |
Mesenteries | Double layer folds of peritoneum. Support intraperitoneal organs. Includes: greater omentum, lesser omentum, messentary proper. |
Retroperitoneal | Organs that lie directly against the body wall (superficial to parietal peritoneum): Most of the duodenum, pancreas, ascending & descending colon, rectum, kidneys. |
Development | Accessory organs bud off of the primitive gut tube. |