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Endocrine_lpn_chatt
System, Pharm, Nut.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Calcitonin does what for the bones? | Decreases calcium level by storing calcium in bones |
| T3 and T4 do what 3 things? | 1. Growth/development 2. Metabolism 3. Activity in Nervous System |
| Thyroid produces what hormones? | T3, T4, Calcitonin |
| nerve cells become excited & stimulate muscles with too many impulses resulting in spasms called? | Tetany |
| Parathyroid hormone, PTH, increases what in the blood? | Calcium |
| underproduction of parathyroid hormone PTH | Hypoparathyroidism |
| The overproduction of parathyroid hormone PTH | Hyperparathyroidism |
| Overproduction of the thyroid hormones is called what? and is known as? | Hyperthyroidism; Graves' Disease |
| Underproduction of thyroid hormones are called what? and is known as what in adults? and in infants? | Hypothyroidism;myxedema; cretinism |
| A thyroid disorder caused by lack of iodine creating a bulge in the neck is called? | Goiter |
| The adrenal cortex secretes what hormones? | Salt=mineralcorticoids, sugar=glucocortiods, sex=sex hormones |
| Overproduction of the hormones from the adrenal cortex is called? | Cushings |
| Underproduction of the hormones from the adrenal cortex is called? | Addison's Disease |
| A tumor in the adrenal medulla is called? | Pheochromocytoma |
| Overproduction of the growth hormones from the anterior pituitary is called what in adults? kids? | Acromegaly;Gigantism |
| Underproduction of the growth hormones from the anterior pituitary is called what in adults? | Dwarfism |
| Overproduction of ADH from the posterior pituitary is called? | SIADH |
| Underproduction of ADH from the posterior pituitary is called? | Diabetes Insipidus |
| S&S of hyperthyroidism | flushing, wt loss w/increases appetite, exophthalmus, nervousness, tremors |
| Tx of hyperthyroidism | Antithyroid drugs:PTU, methimazole(Tapazole), Iodides: potassium& sodium, lugol's solution, Sodium iodide(I131, Beta blockers, surgery |
| Hyperthyroid pt. on antithyroid drugs can have and interaction with? | Oral anticoagulants |
| Thyroid preps used to tx hypothyroidism? | Synthroid, Cytomel, Thyrolar |
| When giving thyroid prep what nursing action must be completed before giving meds? | Check apical pluse, if 100 bpm or above hold meds, then call Dr. |
| When is the best time to give thyroid preps? | Early morning |
| Tx of hypoparathyroidism | give calcium gluconate by IV, slowly @ room temp; oral calcium started when pt stable with vitamin D. *give 1-1.5 hrs after meals |
| tx of hyperparathyroidism | phosphate supplement, diuretics, calcimar=derived from salmon, cinacalcet= directly lowers calcium levels/used in dialysis pt |
| what two signs are often present with hypocalcemia? | Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign |
| tx of hypopituitarism | replace corticosteroids< somatropin=keep refrigerated, give weekly, give in p.m. |
| 7-9 yrs between onset and Dx in what disorder? | Acromegaly |
| tx of hyperpituitarism | chemo, radiation, surgery, drugs< parlodel, sandostatin |
| tx of diabetes insipidus | Admin: ADH= DDAVP, vasopressin, lypressin(intrnasal *do not inhale) use in caution w/ heart pt. |
| 3 goals of thyroid storm management: | 1. induce normal thyroid state 2. prevent cardio collapse 3. prevent excess hyperthermia |
| Type 1 DM | 5-10% of pop. have, no function of beta cells, onset in childhood or before 40yrs, insulin dependent |
| Type 2 DM | 80% of pop. have, non insulin dependent, controlled w/ diet, exercise, oral antidiabetics, insulin if needed, some function of beta cells, overweight |
| 3 P's of DM | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| type 1 s&s | wt loss, muscle wasting and 3 p's |
| type 2 s&s | blurred vision, headache, cold exteremites, numbness LE, Nausea, vomiting, and 3 p's |
| Cornerstone of care in DM | Nutritional Therapy |
| What kind of diet are DM pt. on? | ADA=carb counting |
| The only insulin given IV? | Regular |
| What is the best site for SC insulin injection? | Abdomen, do not give injection 2" around navel |
| Which insulin can you never mix with other insulins? | Lantus |
| Which insulin acts within 15 min? | Lisopro |
| When mixing insulin what do you draw up first? | Clear(Regular) * admin within 30 min |
| what kind of insulin do insulin pumps use? | Regular only |
| DKA(Diabetic Ketoacidosis) is what? | Wasting of muscle tissue d/t fat breakdown in liver when no glucose is being produced |
| tx of hyperglycemia | give juice q 15min until rise or glucagon |
| Rentinopathy | damage to small blood vessels in the eyes * #1 cause of blindness in U.S. |
| neuropathy | nerve damage |
| renal threshold | kidney's capacity |
| How much of a DM pt. calories in diet be made up of Carbs? | 50-60% total carbs: 40-50% complex, 10-20% simple sugar |
| What is HgbA1c | blood test to determine how ell blood glucose has been controlled for the last 3 mo. ADA recommends 6% |
| DM pt. increase Fiber intake why? how muchin diet? | To reduce amount of insulin needed; 25-35 grams *increase h2o |
| DM pt use exercise as part of tx b/c? | it uses glucose by increasing insulin receptor sites; lowering cholesterol, b/p, stress, body fat |
Created by:
meganjohnston
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