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muscle innervations
UE and back innervations
| Muscle | Action | Segmental innervation | peripheral innervation | origin | insertion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pectoralis Major | Clavicular: Humerus adduction, medial rotation. Thorax elevation. Sternal: Humerus adduction and medial rotation. Thorax elevation. | Clavicular: C5,6. Sternal: C6,7,8, T1 | Clavicular: Lateral Pectoral Sternal: Lateral and medial pectoral | Sternal: Anterior surface of sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-7, and aponeurosis of external oblique. Clavicular: Anterior angle of sternal 1/2 of clavicle. | Sternal: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus.Fibers are more posterior and cranial. Clavicular:Crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Fibers are more anterior and posterior. |
| Pectoralis Minor | Tilts scapula anteriorly and forced inspiration | C7,8 | Medial Pectoral | ||
| Upper Trapezius | Scapula: upward rotation, elevation, some adduction Cervical: extension, lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side | anterior primary rami of C3,4 | CN XI, | external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of nuchal line, C7 | Lateral 1/3 of clavical and acromion process of scapula |
| Middle Trapezius | Scapula: adduction | C2,3,4 | CN XI and ventral ramus | Sinous process of T1-5 | Medial margin of the acromion and superior lips of the spine and scapula. |
| Lower trapezius | Scapula: upward rotation, adduction, depression | C3,4 | CN XI | spinous process of T6-12 | tubercle at apex of scapula spine |
| Rhomboids | Scapula: adduct, elevate, downward rotation | C4,5 | Dorsal scapular | Spinous process of T2-5 | Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle. |
| Levator Scapulae | With origin fixed: Scapula: elevation, downward rotation. With insertion fixed and acting unilaterally: Cervical: Laterally flexes vertabrae and rotates toward the same side. Acting bilaterally: Cervical: Assists in extension of spine | C5, VPR C3,4 | Dorsal scapular, cervical | Transverse process of C1-4 | Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and root of spine |
| Serratus Anterior | Fixed origin: Scapula abduction, upwardly rotates the inferiosr angle laterally and gleniod cavity cranially, holds vertebral border of scapula against rib cage to prevent winging. Lower fibers depress scapula. Upper fibers elevate scapula. | C5,6,7 | Long thoracic nerve | Outer surfaces and superior borders of 1-9 ribs | Costal surface of medial border of scapula |
| Coracobrachialis | Shoulder: flexion, adduction | C6,7 | Musculocutaneous | Apex of coracoid process of scapula | Medial surface of middle of shaft of humerus, opposite deltoid tuberosity. |
| Lattissimus Dorsi | Origin fixed: Shoulder: Medial rotation, adducts, and extends. By continued action, depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral trunk flexion. With insertion fixed: Tilts pelvis anteriorly and laterally. Acting bilaterally it assists in hyperextensio | C5,6,7 | Thoracodorsal | Spinous process of T6-12, ribs 9-12, through the thoracolumbar fascia from the lumbar and sacral vertabrae, posterior 1/3 of external lip of iliac crest, and a slip from the inferior angle of the scapula. | Intertubercular groove of humerus. |
| Anterior Deltoid | Shoulder/humerus: abduction, medial rotation, and flexion. | C5,6 | Axillary Nerve | Anterior border, superior surface, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle. | Deltiod tuberosity of humerus |
| Middle Deltoid | Shoulder: Abduction | C5,6 | Axillary | Lateral margin and superior surface of acromion | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| Supraspinatus | Shoulder: abducts and laterally rotates the joint and stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity during abduction and lateral rotation | C5,6 | Suprascapular | Medial 2/3 of supraspinatus fossa of the scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus |
| Posterior Deltoid | Shoulder: Abduction, extension, lateral rotation | C5,6 | Axillary Nerve | Inferior lip of the posterior border of the scapula spine | Deltiod tuberosity of humerus |
| Infraspinatus | Shoulder: Laterally rotates the joint, stabilizes head of the humerus in glenoid cavity during movement | C5,6 | Suprascapular | Medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa of scapular | Middle facet of gretaer tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule |
| Teres Minor | Soulder: Laterally rotates the shoulder joint and stabilizes head of humerus in the gleniod cavity during lateral rotation. | C5,6 | Axillary Nerve | Upper 2/3 and dorsal surfaces of lateral border of scapula | Lowest facet of greater tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule |
| Subscapularis | Shoulder: Medial shoulder rotation and stabilze humeral head during joint movement | C5,6 | Upper and lower subscapular | Subscapular fossa of scapula | Lesser tubercle of humerus and shoulder joint capsule. |
| Teres Major | Shoulder: Extension, medial rotation, and adduction | C5,6,7 | Lower subscapular | Dorsal surfaces of inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula | crest of lesser tubercle of humerus |
| Biceps Brachii | Fixes shoulder joint. Short head: Assists with shoulder adduction. Long head: Assists with adduction if humerus is laterally rotated. Flexes elbow joint. | C5,6 | Musculotaneous | Short head: Apex of coracoid process of scapula. Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula | Tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii. |
| Biceps Brachialis | Flexes elbow joint | C5,6 | Musculotaneous | Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus and both medial and lateral intermuscular septa | Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna |
| Brachioradialis | Elbow flexion and helps pronate/supinate arm when movements are resisted | C5.6 | Radial nerve | Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum. | Lateral side of base of styloid process of radius |
| Triceps | Elbow extension, assists in adduction and extension of shoulder | C6,7,8 | Radial | Long head: Infraflenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head: Lateral and proximal surfaces of proximal 1/2 of body of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum. Medial head: Dital 2/3 of medial and posterior surfaces of humerus below radial groove and from m | Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna and antebrachial fascia |
| Aconeus | Elbow extension and may stabilize ulna during pronation and supination | C6,7,8 | Radial | Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface | Lateral side of olecranon process and upper 1/ of posterior surface of body of the ulna |
| Supinator | Supinates forearm | C5,6,7 | Radial | Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint, annular ligament of radius and superior crest of ulna | Lateral surface of upper 1/3 of bodyof radius, covering part of the anterior and posterior surfaces |
| Pronator Teres | Pronates forearm, assists in elbow flexion | C6,7 | Median | Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, common flexor tendon, and deep antebrachial fascia. Ulnar head: Medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna. | Middle of lateral surface of radius |
| Pronator Quadratus | Pronates forearm | C7,8 | Median | Medial side, anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna | Lateral side, anterior surface of distal 1/4 of radius |
| Extensor Carpi Radiallis Longus | Wrist:extension and abduction. Assists in elbow flexion | C6,7,8,5 | Radial | Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular spetum | Dorsal surafce of base of second metacarpal bone, radial side |
| Extensor Carpi Radiallis Brevis | Wrist: extension. Assists with wrist abduction | C6,7,8 | Radial | Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint, and deep antebrachial fascia | Dorsal surface of base of third metacarpal bone |
| Extensor Carpi ulnaris | Extends and ulnar deviates wrist | C7,8 | Radial | Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus the aponeurosis from the posterior border of ulna and deep antebrachial fascia | Base of 5th metacarpal bone, ulnar side |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | Wrist: flexion and abduction. Assists: Forearm pronation and elbow flexion | C6,7 | Median | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and deep antebrachial fascia | Base of 2ncd metacarpal bone and a slip to the base of the 3rd metacarpal. |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Wrist: Flexion and adduction | C7,8 T1 | Ulnar | Humeral head: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus. Ulnar head: By aponeurosis from medial margin of olecranon, proximal 2/3 of posterior border of ulna and from deep antebrachial fascia. | Pisiform bone and by ligamnets to the hamate and 5th metacarpal |
| Palmaris Longus | Tenses palmar fascia, wrist flexion, and assists elbow flexion | C7,8,6, T1 | Median | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and deep antebracial fascia | Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
| Extensor Digitorum | Extends MP joints. In conjunction with lumbricles and interossei, extends ip joints of 2-5 digits, assists in abduction of index, ring, and little fingers and in extension and abduction of wrist. | C7,8 | Radial | Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus and deep antebrachial fascia | By 4 tendons with each penetrating a membranous expansion on the dorsun of 2-5 digits and dividing over the proximal phalanx into a medial and 2 lateral bands. The medial band inserts into the base of middle phalanx. Lateral bands reunite over middle ph |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus | DIP flexion of 2-5 fingers. Asissists in flexion of PIP and MCP joints. May help wrist flexion. | C8,T1,C7 | I and II- Medial, III and IV- ulnar | Anterior and medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna, interosseus membrane, and deep antebrachial fascia | By 4 tendons into the side of the middle phalanges, anterior surface |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | PIP flexion 2-5 digits. Assits in MP joints and wrist flexion | C8,T1,C7 | Median | Humeral head: Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulanr collateral ligament of elbow joint, and deep antebrachial fascia. Ulnar head: Medila side of coronoid process. Radial head: Oblique line of radius. | By 4 tendons into the sides of the middle phalanges of 2-5 digits. |
| Extensor Pollicus Longus | IP extension, help MCP and CMC extension, adduction and extension of thumb. | C7,8,C6 | Radial | middle 1/3 of post surface of ulna distal to origin of ABL and to interosseous membrane | Base to the ditsal phalanx of the thumb, dorsal surface. |
| Adbuctor Pollicis Longus | Abducts and extends CMC joints of thumb, abducts (radial deviation) and assists in wrist flexion | C7,8 | Radial | Posterior surface of body of ulna to origin of supinator, interosseus membrane, and posterior surface of middle 1/3 of body of radius. | Base of 1st metacarpal bone, radial side |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis | Extend MP joint, extend and abduct CMC joint, assists in radial deviation of wrist | C&,8 | Median | Post surface of the body of radius distal to origin of APL and to interroseous membrane | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus | Flexes IP joint of thumb, assists in flexion of MP and CMC joints, and may assist in wrist flexion | C7,8 | Median | Anterior surface of body of radius below tuberosity, interosseous membrane, medial border of coronoid process of ulna, and/or medial epicondyle of humerus | Base of distal phalanx of thumb, palmar surface |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis | Palmar abduction. Extend thumb IP joint, helps in opposition and may help in flexion and medial rotation of MP joint | C8, T1, C5,6 | Median | Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone and tubercle of scaphoid bone | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb radial side and extensor expression. |
| Oppenens Pollicis | Opposes CMC joint of thumb | C8, T1 | Median | Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium bone | Entire length of 1rst metacarpal bone, radial side |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis | MP and CMC thumd joint flexion. Helps in opposition of thumb toward little finger | C8, T1 | Superficial head: Median Deep head: Ulnar nerve | Superficial head: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium bone. Deep Head: Trapezoid and capitate bones. | Base of thumb proximal phalanx, radial side, and extensor expansion |
| Adductor Pollicis | Adducts CMC joint and assists in MP flexion, aids in opposisition of thumb toward little finger, may asist in extending IP joint | C8, T1 | Ulnar | Oblique Fibers: Capiatae bone and bases of 2&3 metacarpal bones. Transverse fibers: Palmar surface of 3rd metacarpal bone | Transverse head into ulnar side of base of proxomal phalanx of thumb and oblique head into extensor expansion |
| Abductor digiti minimi | Abduct, help in opposition, may help in MCP joint flexion and IP extension | C8,T1 | Ulnar | Tendon of FCU and pisiform bone | By 2 slips: 1 into base of proximal phalanx of pinkie, ulnar side, and 1 into ulnar border of extensor expansion |
| Oppenens digiti minimi | Opposes CMC joint of little finger, helps to cup hand | C8,T1 | Ulnar | Hook of hamate bone and flexor retinaculum | Entire length of 5th metacarpal bone, ulnar side |
| Flexor digiti minimi | MP flexion, helps oppose little finger | C8,T1 | Ulnar | Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum | base of proximal phalnx of little finger, ulnar side |
| Lumbricles | Extend IP joints and simultaneously flex MP joints of 2-5 digits. Also extends IP joints when Mp joints are extended. | C8,T1 | 1-2 Median. 3-4: Ulnar | 1&2: Radial surface of flexor profundus tendons index and middle fingers. 3: adjacent sides of flexor profundus tendons of middle and ring fingers. 4: adjacent sides of flexor profundus tendon of ring and little fingers | Into radial border of extensor expansion of dorsum of respective digits |
| Dorsal Interossei | Abduct index, middle, and ring fingers from axial line through 3 digit. Helps in flexion of MP joints and extension of IP joints of same fingers. The first helps in thumb adduction | C8,T1 | Ulnar | !st lateral head: proximal 1/2 of ulnar border of 1rst metacarpal bone. 1rst medial head: radial border of 2ncd metacarpal bone 2,3,4: adjacent sides of metacarpal bones in each interspace | extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanx: 1rst radial side of index finger, mainly to base of proximal phalanx. 2: radial side of middle finger. 3: ulnar side of 3 finger, mainly into extensor expansion. 4: ulnar side of ring finger |
| Palmar interossei | Adduct the thumb, index, ring, and little finger toward the axial line through 3rd digit. Assist in flexion of Mp joints joints and extension of Ip joints of the three fingers. | C8,T1 | Ulnar | 1: Base of 1rst metacarpal bone, ulnar side. 2: Length of 2ncd metacarpal bone, lnar side. 3: length of 4 metacarpal bone, radial side | Cheifly into extensor expansion of respective digit, with possible attachment at base of proximal phalanx as floows: 1: ulnar side of thumb 2: ulnar side of index finger 3: radial side of ring finger 4:radial side of little finger |
Created by:
amweller
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