Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Exam2-Excretory

Biology 1115

QuestionAnswer
What are the functions of the excretory system? regulation of blood volume via regulation of urine volume, pH regulation via adjustment of the excretion of ions in urine, excretion of nitrogenous wastes
Describe the basic anatomy of the system. 2 kidneys (filter blood to produce urine), 2 ureters (carry urine to bladder), bladder (collects and stores urine), urethra (passage of urine from body)
What is the difference between the male and female urethras? Females = short and only one purpose Males = longer and duel purposes (urine and sperm passageway)
Describe the layers of the kidney from outer to inner. Outer = cortex Middle = medulla Inner = pelvis (plumbing)
Explain renal circulation. Renal artery brings blood into the kidney and the renal vein takes blood away from the kidney.
What is a nephron? microscopic tubules in the kidneys
How many nephrons do people have per kidney? about 1 million
What do nephrons do? filter blood to produce urine
What happens if you only have one kidney? Your kidney has to work twice as hard.
What is filtrate? anything that enters the nephron (only small items should enter!)
Name the structures of the nephron in order. glomerulus > Boman's capsule > proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) > Loop of Henle > Distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct
What happens in the glomerulus? the glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries that carry blood to the nephron
What happens in Bowman's capsule? Bowman's capsule is the first region of the nephron. It where the filtrate from the blood enters via pressure.
What happens in the PCT? water, salt, ions, glucose, and amino acids exit nephron to capillaries (pH regulation is occurring)
What happens in the Loop of Henle? water and salt exit
What happens in the DCT? water and salt exit only due to hormonal control (aldosterone). (pH regulation is occurring)
What happens in the collecting duct? water and salt exit due to hormonal control (ADH)
What is in urine? water, certain ions (salt, chlorine, potassium, etc.), nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine, uric acid), other items depending on the person
How do the kidneys help regulate pH? Too acidic - hydrogen will be excreted in urine which will raise blood pH Too basic - bicarbonate will be excreted which will lower blood pH
What is urea? As cells break down proteins, they produce ammonia. This is too toxic for the kidneys to handle. So, the liver converts ammonia to urea (which is less toxic), which the kidneys then excrete.
What is creatinine? A fairly toxic substance created in muscles as creatine phosphate which is used for ATP production.
What is uric acid? produced as cells break down DNA and RNA
How do you measure water content in urine? a test called specific gravity
What should never be in urine? anything too big to get into nephron! (cells and certain protiens, for example)
Is urine sterile? Yes, blood is sterile so urine is sterile.
What are the three hormones used to control blood volume? ANP, ADH, aldosterone
How does ANP help regulate blood volume? Trigger for secretion = stretching of heart chambers due to high blood volume, high blood pressure Works by: raising glomerular filtration rate so more water can be excreted End Result = more urine!
How does ADH help regulate blood volume? Trigger: low BP, low BV Works by: raising water reabsorption in collecting duct End result = less urine!
What inhibits ADH? alcohol
How does aldosterone help regulate blood volume? Trigger: low BV, low BP Works by: raising salt reabsorption in the DCT so that water will follow via osmosis End result: less urine!
What inhibits aldosterone? caffeine
Created by: ncbmxgirl569
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards