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Ch. 9 HumBio

Nervous System

QuestionAnswer
Nervous System must hv function Sensory Input, Integration, motor output
Central Nervous System (CNS) Contains brain & spinal cord,Integration processing
Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) Everything outside of brain & spinal cord-(CNS) & Nerves
Function of PNS Sensory, Motor Division
Sensory Division sending info INTO the CNS, gathers info of changes inside & out of body
Effectors (Wiggle toe)Outside Nervous system, muscles contract, glands secrete when stimulated by nerve impulses
Somatic Nervous System (PNS) controls skeletal muscle (consciously controlled)
Autonomic Nervous System (PNS) Controls effectors that r INVOLUNTARY, ex; heart,smooth muscle in blood vessels & various glands
Nervous System can detect changes outside & w/in the body, make decisions based on info received & stimulate muscle & glands to respond
Neuroglia supports cells,neurons cant live w/out this
Astrocytes Bridge(found between neurons& blood vessels), connecting 1 cell to another,provides structural support,
Microglia "cleaner" breakdown "yuk" cells & remove them, phagocyte=engulf other cells ;scattered thruout CNS
Phagocyte engulf other cells
Cancer Abnormal cell division
Ependymal Cells "pump" circulates fluid in body; spinal fluid. covers specialized brain parts & encloses spaces
Oligidendrocytes "insulates neurons"-increase impulse speed- form Myelin in CNS
Schwann Cells (PNS) insulates neurons"-increase impulse speed- form Myelin in PNS
Satellite Cells found in PNS,protect cell body #1-4 CNS #5-6 CNS
Neurons (nerve cells) Impulses = signals
Cell body rounded area of neuron & has 2 extensions; dendrites & axons
Dendrites send cell info toward cell body
Axon carries cell info away from cell body
Axon terminals neurotransmitters
Myelin acts as an insulator; increases impulse speed
Matter gray=locks in myelin=integration; has myelin
Sensory Neuron sends info toward CNS; sensory division
Motor Neurons carry info away from CNS
Inter(association)Neurons all w/in brain & spinal cord, transmits impulses to one part of the brain or spinal cord to another
Polarized membrane positive=outside negative=inside
Depolarized the membrane gates open Na+ flow in
Repolarize the membrane protein pumps- active transport pumps Na+ out of cell=close gates
Reflex Pathway Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Integration, motor neuron, effector
Cerebrum 2 lrge masses on L & R side (cerebral hemispheres)
Cerebral Hemisphere found in cerebrum; L & R hemis that mirror each other, connected by corpus callosum
Corpus Collosum deep ridge of nerve fibers found in cerebrum connects the cerebral hemis
Gyri Rideges, ridges on the surface of cerebrum
Sulcus inward fold, shallow groove in surface of cerebrum
Fissure deep groove in surface of cerebrum
Lobes named after cranial bone that folds over them
Parietal Lobe found parietal lobe; somatic sensory area *touch*
Occipital Lobe *vision*
Temporal Lobe *hearing*
Frontal Lobe Primary motor area *skeletal Muscle control*
Diencelphalon Thalmus "router"(sends signals)sends info to appropriate region
Hypothalmus controls Pituitary gland
Epithalmus Choroid Plexus,Pineal body,Brain stem,cerebellum
Choroid Plexus Knot of capillaries
Pineal Body 24hr clock releases substances, determines if ur drowsy or awake
Brain Stem mid brain & Pons
Cerebellum muscle timing, equilibrium & balance
Mid Brain Vision & hearing & reflexes
Pons Helps w/breathing & respiration
Neuron Protection Menninges,Cerebral Spinal Fluid,Blood Brain Barrier,problems
Meninges 3layers of connective tissue that surrounds the spinal cord
Integrative function sensory receptors covert environmental info into nerve impulses transmitted over peripheral nerves to CNS
Motor functions employ peripheral neurons to carry impulses from the CNS to effectors
Neuroglia microglial cells, Oligodendrocytes,Astrocytes, Ependymal cells
Created by: 1298518297
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