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Law of thermodynamic

Laws of Thermodynamics

QuestionAnswer
Energy is NEITHER created NOR destroyed, but can be transferred or transformed (converted). 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Can ORGANISMS use heat to do work? No
Organisms can only? Transform or convert energy from on form to another
Can organisms make energy? No
What is a measure of disorder or randomness? Entropy (2nd law)
Are energy transformations in living things 100% efficient? No (2nd) law
Total amount of the energy in the universe is? Constant
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder or randomness of the universe? 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Organisms are ordered rather than disordered, how can organisms remain ordered? Because they are open systems
Does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics apply to open or closed systems? Closed
Organisms remain ordered as long as they? Can take in and transform energy (the only way we stay ordered)
Glucose----->CO2+H2O (2nd law) Increases the randomness in the universe
The total amount of energy available to do work under the given conditions of a chemical reaction? Free energy
A process in which a systems free energy decreases and the change in G is negative? A spontaneous process
What kinds of energy can be used to do work in a cell? Only free energy
In a negative change in G the energy is? Released
Release a NET amount of free energy with a negative change in G? Exergonic(negative) Reactions
Requires a NET amount of free energy-there is a net increase in free energy in the system? Endergonic(positive) Reactions
Is there an overall net INPUT or OUTPUT of free energy in endergonic reactions? Input
_______ Reactions are NOT spontaneous because energy is needed to drive the reaction? Endergonic (positive) Reactions
Organsims couple exergonic and endergonic reactions via ATP? Energy Coupling
What are the three components of ATP? Adenine, Ribose sugar and 3 Phosphate groups.
Energy is released by splitting? ATP
Unstable phosphate bonds in ATP---------->when these bonds are broken? Energy is released.
What does the splitting of ATP provide to cells? Energy needed to drive endergonic reactions
Where does a cell obtain the energy needed to amke ATP? Exergonic reactions(reactions that release energy)
How does ATP donate or transfer energy to help drive endergonic reactions? Phosphorylation
Transferring a phosphate group to another molecule? Phosphorylation
Phosphorylated molecule is less stable and therefore? More chemically reactive
Created by: 1375282827
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