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Gaffney
SUPA 9-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electronegativity | an atom's affinity for electrons |
| ionic bonding | when electrons move from donors to acceptors creating an electrostatic attraction |
| covalent bonding | when elements share electrons to form new molecular orbitals |
| basis of chemical bonding | atoms trying to form a stable configuration |
| secondary protein structure | formed by hydrogen bonds between amino acids |
| enzymes | chemical regulators that speed up the rate of chemical reactions |
| coenzymes | typically transfer agents such as vitamins |
| RNA | single stranded nucleic acid |
| DNA | contains the hereditary code |
| basic unit of nucleic acids | nucleotide |
| purines | adenine & guanine |
| pyrimidines | cytosine & thymine |
| 3 parts of a nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, base |
| denaturation | process by which proteins lose secondary, tertiary, & quaternary shape |
| tertiary structure of protein | 3-D folding pattern |
| primary protein structure | sequence of amino acids |
| basic unit of proteins | amino acid |
| functional groups in amino acids | carboxyl & amino |
| elements in proteins | C, H, O, N, S |
| steroids | lipids found in sex hormones & cholesterol |
| waxes | lipids that function as a water repellent |
| phospholipids | lipids with 2 fatty acids,1 glycerol, 1 phosphate group |
| triglycerides | lipds with 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| starch | polysaccharide that is the main carbohydrate storage in plants |
| glycogen | animal starch |
| cellulose | polysaccharide that is the major support material in plants |
| chitin | polysaccharide found in insect exoskeletons |
| disaccharides | formed by the dehydration synthesis of 2 monosaccharides |
| polysaccharides | formed by the dehydration synthesis of more than 2 monosaccharides |
| ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a carbohydrate | 1:2:1 |
| monomer | small molecule |
| polymer | large molecule composed of monomers |
| polar covalent bond | when electrons are not shared equally in a molecule giving it polarity |
| Redi | classical experiments trying to disprove spontaneous generation |
| age of Earth | 4.5 billion years old |
| earliest fossils | about 3.5 billion years old |
| stromatolites | fossilized mats of sedimentary rock |
| entropy | degree of disorder in a system |
| coacervates | complex aggregate droplets of organic materials |
| first organisms on Earth | anaerobic heterotrophs |
| missing from primitive Earth | oxygen |
| hypothesized how early life originated | Oparin |
| tried to recreate early Earth conditions in lab | Miller |
| bases in DNA | adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
| bases in RNA | adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine |
| sources of energy on primitive Earth | UV, thunderstorms, volcanism |
| protobiont | hypothetical ancestor to the cell |
| added free oxygen to Earth | early autotrophs (cyanobacteria) |
| aerobic respiration | respiration requiring oxygen; more efficient |
Created by:
gaffney
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