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Cells and Heredity

Mill Creek M.S. Science 7--Wohlford

QuestionAnswer
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
Chromosome A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.
Pedigree A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
Genetics The scientific study of heredity.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Karyotype A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Punnett Square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Dominant An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
Recessive An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
Sex-linked Gene A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
Clone An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
Probability The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Meiosis The process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
Allele The different forms of a gene.
Codominance A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
Purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent.
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is hterozygous for a particular trait.
Created by: cbolthouse
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