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WVC pulmfunctest

WVC pulmonary function tests IGGY

QuestionAnswer
Ideal normal pulse oximetry values are 95% to 100%
Pulse oximetry can detect desaturation before manifestations (e.g., dusky skin, pale mucosa, pale or blue nail beds) occur
Causes for low SaO2 readings include patient movement, hypothermia, decreased peripheral blood flow, ambient light (sunlight, infrared lamps), decreased hemoglobin, edema, and fingernail polish
When the Spo2 is below _______body tissues have a difficult time becoming oxygenated. 85%,
Changes in PETCO2 reflect changes in breathing effectiveness and may occur before hypoxia can be detected using pulse oximetry. Norm is 20-40
Capnometry and capnography are methods that measure the amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled air, which is an indirect measurement of arterial carbon dioxide levels.
When performed while the patient exercises, PFTs help determine whether dyspnea is caused by lung or cardiac dysfunction or by muscle weakness.
FVC (forced vital capacity) records the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled as quickly as possible after maximum inspiration.
FVC gives an indication of respiratory muscle strength and ventilatory reserve. FVC is often reduced in obstructive disease (because of air trapping) and in restrictive disease.
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) records the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in the first second of expiration.
FEV1 is effort dependent and declines normally with age. It is reduced in certain obstructive and restrictive disorders.
FEV1/FVC is the ratio of expiratory volume in 1 sec to FVC.
FEV1/FVC ratio provides a much more sensitive indication of obstruction to airflow. This ratio is the hallmark of obstructive pulmonary disease. It is normal or increased in restrictive disease.
FEF(25%-75%) records the forced expiratory flow over the 25%-75% volume (middle half) of the FVC.
FEF measure provides a more sensitive index of obstruction in the smaller airways.
FRC (functional residual capacity) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal expiration.
FRC test requires use of the helium dilution, nitrogen washout, or body plethysmography technique.
Increased FRC indicates hyperinflation or air trapping, which may result from obstructive pulmonary disease.
FRC is normal or decreased in restrictive pulmonary diseases.
TLC (total lung capacity) is the amount of air in the lungs at the end of maximum inhalation.
Increased TLC indicates air trapping associated with obstructive pulmonary disease.
Decreased TLC indicates restrictive disease.
RV (residual volume) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a full, forced exhalation.
RV is increased in obstructive pulmonary disease such as emphysema.
DlCO (difusion capacity of carbon monoxide) reflects the surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane.
How is DICO performed The patient inhales a small amount of CO, holds for 10 sec, and then exhales. The amount inhaled is compared with the amount exhaled.
DlCO is reduced whenever the alveolocapillary membrane is diminished, such as occurs in emphysema, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis.
DICO is increased with exercise and in conditions such as polycythemia and congestive heart disease.
Created by: Jillzs
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