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fund of body stru
chap.17; urinary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the functions of the kidney include | removal of nitrogeneous waste; maintaining blood volume and eletrolyte balance; maintain ph balance of the blood; production of rennin; production of erythropoietin |
| blood nitrogeneous wastes | urea(BUN)or blood urea nitrogen; uric acid; creatinine; ammonia |
| a new test replacing the BUN and creatinine clearance test is called | cystatin C (Cys C) |
| electrolytes include | sodium(Na+); potassium(K+); chloride(Cl-); calcium(Ca-); phosphate(PO4); magnesium((Mg+); sulfate (SO4-) |
| Where salt goes | water will follow |
| interaction of Carbonic acid(H2Co3) and bicarbonate(HCO3) | maintain ph balance of the blood acidity vs alkalinity(base) |
| production of rennin will | regulate blood pressure |
| production of erythropoietin aids in | erythrocyte formation |
| the paired kidneys are located in the | retropernial (flank) region |
| the right kidney is slight lower than the left due to the large are occupied by the | liver |
| a kidney is the size of a | fist |
| the outer covering of each kidney is called the | renal capsule |
| the outermost layer of the kidney is called the | renal cortex |
| the middle layer of the kidney is called the | renal medulla |
| a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors each kidney to surrounding structures and the abdominal wall is called the | renal fascia |
| the tubes (vessels, ducts) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are called | ureters |
| each ureter connects to a kidney at a | renal pelvis |
| each renal pelvis is made up of funnel shaped structures called | calices (calyx) |
| kidney cells are called | nephrons |
| each kidney has approximately | one million nephrons |
| right and left renal arteries | vessels carrying oxygenated blood to be filtered by the kidneys |
| right and left renal vein | vessels carrying deoxygenated blood away from the kidney |
| every minute approximately 1200 mL of blood passes through the | kidneys |
| the fluid that the kidneys ultimately eliminate from the body | urine |
| normal urine is | clear or yellow; clean(free of pathogens) |
| a routine test performed on urine is called a | urinalysis (U/A) |
| normal urine production is approximately | 56 ml/hour |
| urine is transported from the renal pelves to the urinary bladder primarily by | peristalsis |
| the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ located | posterior to the pubic symphysis |
| the average capacity of the urinary bladder is | 700 to 800 ml |
| stretch receptors in the bladder wall will transmit nerve impulses to the lower portion of the spinal cord when the urine level reaches | 200 to 400 ml |
| the stretch receptors in the bladder wall initiate the conscious desire to | urinate (micturation) or void (micturate) |
| the spinchters that control the flow of urine are called the | internal and external urinary spinchters |
| the inability to control the urinary spinchters is called | enuresis or urinary incontinence |
| urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the | outside world |
| the opening of the urethra to the outside world is called the urinary | meatus (orifice or os) |
| in females the urethra is approximately | 1.5 inches long |
| in males the urethra is approximately | 8 inches long |
| the female urinary meatus is located between the | clitoris and vaginal orifice |
| the male urinary meatus is located at the distal portion of the | Glans penis |
| in males the urethra carries | urine; spermatozoa; semen |
| the reproductive and urinary systems are referred to as the | genitourinary (GU) system |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| hematuria | a condition of blood in the urine (trauma is a common cause) |
| pyuria | a condition of pus in the urine (infection) |
| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urina |
| glycosuria | a condition of sugar (glucose) in the urine (DM) |
| ketonuria | a condition of ketones (acetone) in the urine (fat metabolism) |
| albuminuria | albumin (blood protein) in the urine |
| hemodialysis (HD) | artificial removal of toxins from the blood |
| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
Created by:
dottih66
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