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Soil Test Review
Soil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Composition | The specific ingredients that are in a soil |
| Decompose | Breaking down; dead plants and animals and animal waste breaks down into organic matter |
| Nutrients | Organic matter eventually breaks down into basic chemicals that can dissolve in water and becomes food for plants |
| Organic Matter | Decomposing plants and animals, including insects, leaves, and flowers |
| Sand | The largest pieces of rock in soil; easily visible but not as big as small pebbles |
| Silt | Pieces of soil that are smaller than sand and bigger than clay |
| Clay | Pieces of soil that are sop small they cannot be seen without a microscope |
| Soil | Material composed of sand, silt, clay and organic matter |
| Weathering | Wearing down of rocks bu natural forces; over time, rocks crack,m crumble, and are broken apart by water and wind |
| Humus | organic material in soil |
| Loam | A fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus |
| Consistency | Describes how easily the soil clumps can be broken apart |
| Three Consistencies | Loose, friable, firm |
| Loose | soil breaks apart when held |
| Friable | soil breaks apart with a small amount of pressure from one finger |
| Firm | Soil breaks apart with a lot of pressure between two fingers |
| Texture | Describes the size of the particles |
| Three Textures | Grainy, silky, sticky |
| Grainy | Soil is made up of large-sized pieces and feels gritty like sand |
| Silky | Soil is made up of medium-sized pieces and feels powdery, like silt |
| Sticky | Soil is made of small pieces and feels gummy, like wet clay |
| Dust Bowl | Poor farming practices and a long period of drought resulted in conditions that created massive dust storms in the states of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico during 1930s |
| Native | Plants or animals that are original to an area |
| Fertilizer | Chemicals that can be added to soil when it does not have enough nutrients to grow plants |
| Control | Group or substances that is kept in their original form and is used as a basis to compare the results of the experiment against |
| Trade-Off | Giving up one benefit, advantage, etc. in order to gain another regarded as more desirable |
| What are the three ways that scientist describe soil scientifically? | color, texture,consistence |
| What are some reasons a plant doesn't grow in a garden? | Not enough nutrients, not enough water, not enough air, not enough sunlight |
| Four major soil categories in the US | Desert,grasslands,forest,tropical forest |
| Desert | Light in color, has firm consistence, gritty texture, high temperature all year long and very little rainfall |
| Grasslands | reddish brown, loose consistence, silky texture, wet and dry seasons, warm all year long, less overall rain than forest soil |
| Forest | moist, grayish to reddish brown, loose consistence, sticky texture, enough rain, hot and cold seasons |
| Tropical Forest | Dry, Sticky texture, contains alot of clay, light in color, very warm all year long, both wet and dry seasons |
| Four Layers of Soil | Topsoil,Subsoil,Parent Material,Bedrock |
| Topsoil | is a combo of rock sand silt clay organic matter air and water |
| Subsoil | contains some of the chemicals found in the topsoil |
| Parent Material | contains slightly broken up bedrock |
| Bedrock | hard rock that lies beneath all soil layers |
| Four modern ways farmers use to prevent soil loss | contour plowing on hills, planting tress to use as windbreaks, crop rotation, and to plant native plants |
| Relationship between plants soil nutrients and fertilizer | fertilizer is added to the soil to give it the nutrients that the plants need to grow |
| Three Nutrients | Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium |
| How do nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium get into the soil | those three nutrients get into soil by fertilzers, water, and organic material |
Created by:
elperez8
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