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Chemistry

AP Biology Chapter 1- Rapid Review from 5 Steps to 5

QuestionAnswer
Organic Compounds contain carbon; examples include: lipids proteins carbs(carbohydrates)
Functional groups amino(NH2) carbonyl(RCOR) carboxyl(COOH) hydroxyl(OH) phosphate(PO4) sulfhydryl(SH)
Fat glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
Saturated Fat bad for you animals have it solidifies at room temperature
Unsaturated fat better for you plants have it liquifies at room temperature
Steroids lipids whose structures resemble(look similar to) a chicken wire fence. Include cholestrol and sex hormones.
Phospholipids glycerol + 2 fatty acids + Phosphate(Similar to fat... Just remove one fatty acid and replace it with phosphate). Make up membrane bilayers of cells. HydroPHOBIC INTERIORS(Inside of the cell hates water) HydroPHILIC EXTERIOR(Outside loves water).
Carbohydrates Energy and Structural Monosaccharides(glucose) Dissacharides(sucrose, maltose, lactose) Storage Polysaccharides(starch[plants], glycogen[animals]) Structural polysaccharides(chitin[fungi], cellulose[arthropods]).
Proteins made in ribosomes out of amino acids have many functions(e.g. transport, enzymes, cell signals, receptor molecules, structural components and channels).
Enzymes catalytic proteins that react in an induced fit fashion with substrates to speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzyme effectiveness if affected by: changes in pH temperature substrate and enzyme concentrations.
Competitive Inhibition inhibitor resembles(looks like) substrate and binds to active site.
Non Competitive Inhibition inhibitor binds elsewhere on enzyme, alters active site so that substrate cannot bind.
pH logarithmic scale 0-7 acidic 7 neutral 7-14 basic(alkaline) pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5
Reaction types Hydrolysis : break down compounds by adding water Dehydration : 2 components brought together, producing H2O Endergonic: reaction that requires input of energy Exergonic: reaction that gives off energy Redox: electron transfer reactions
Created by: vm9222
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