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Biology 15.2

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QuestionAnswer
Artificial Selection breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
Natural selection a mechanism for change in population
mimicry a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species
camouflage an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings
homologous structures structures that can be similar in arrangement, in function, or both
analogous structures the body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
vestigial structure a body structure in a present day organism that no longer serves it's original purpose, but was probably useful to an ancestor.
embryo the earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals.
gene pool all the phenotypes in a specific area
allelic frequency the percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool.
genetic equilibrium the frequency of an allele remains the same over time.
genetic drift the alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events.
stabilizing selection natural selection that favors average individuals in a population.
directional selection occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait.
disruptive selection individual with neither extreme of a trait's variation are selected for.
speciation the evolution of new species
geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population
reproductive isolation occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring.
polyploid any individual or species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes
gradualism the idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations.
punctuated equilibrium argues that speciation occurs relatively quickly, in rapid bursts, with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between.
adaptive radiation when an ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats.
divergent evolution the pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct.
convergent evolution a pattern of evolution in which distantly related organism evolve similar traits.
Created by: xc2011track
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