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Nursing 103 Final
Videbeck review for final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disengagement | aging is an inevitable, mutual withdrawal or disengagement resulting in decreased interaction between aging persons and others in the social system. |
| Activity | remaining as active as possible in the pursuits of middle age is the ideal in later life, due to improved general health |
| Continuity | Based on personal development; life satisfaction with engagement or disengagement depends on personality traits. Personality influences a person’s roles and interest in those roles |
| Axis 1 | Identifying all major psychiatric disorders except mental retardation and |
| Axis 2 | Mental retardation and personality disorders as well as maladaptive personality features and defense mechanisms |
| Axis 3 | – Current medical conditions |
| Axis 4 | – psychosocial and environmental problems |
| Axis 5 | – Global Assessment of Functioning 0 to 100 |
| Trust vs. Mistrust | – infant (view the world as safe or unsafe) |
| Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt | – toddler (sense of control/ free will) |
| Initiative vs. Guilt | – preschool (development of conscience) |
| Industry vs. inferiority | – school age (confidence in abilities) |
| Identity vs. role confusion – | adolescence (sense of self and belonging) |
| Intimacy vs. isolation – | young adult (adult relationships) |
| Generativety vs. stagnation – | middle adult (creative products, creating families) |
| Ego integrity vs. despair | old adult (life review) |
| Alcohol addiction | diet requires more B1 and Thiamine (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome if not), also b12 for anemia |
| Abstract thinking | ability to make associations or interpretations about a situation or comment |
| Affect | outward expression of clients emotional state |
| Automatisms | repeated seemingly purposeless behaviors |
| Circumstantial thinking | term used when a client eventually answers a question, but only after giving excessive unnecessary detail |
| Concrete thinking | client continually gives literal translations |
| Delusions | fixed false belief not based in reality |
| Duty to warn | exception to client right to privacy, when a specific threat is made |
| Flat affect | showing no facial expression |
| Flight of ideas | excessive amount and rate of speech composed of fragmented or unrelated ideas, racing after unconnected thoughts |
| Hallucinations | false sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences |
| Ideas of reference | inaccurate interpretation that general events are personally directed to his or her, hearing a speech on the news and beliving the message has a personal meaning |
| Inappropriate affect | noncongruent affect |
| Insight | ability to understand true nature of one’s situations and accept responsibility for it |
| Judgement | refers to ability to interpret one’s environment and situation correctly and adapt one’s behavior |
| Labile | rapidly changing or fluctuating in someones mood |
| Loose associations | disorganized thinking that jumps from one idea to another |
| Neologisms | invented words that have meaning only for the client |
| Psychomotor retardation | overall slowed movements |
| Restricted affect | displaying one type of emotional response |
| Tangential thinking | wandering off the topic and never providing the information requested |
| Thought blocking | stopping abruptly in the middle of a sentence or train of thought, sometimes unable to continue the idea |
| Thought broadcasting | a delusional belief that others can hear or know what the client is thinking |
| Thought insertion | a delusional belief that others are putting ideas or thoughts into the clients heads, that is the ideas are not those of the client |
| Thought withdrawal | a delusional belief that others are taking the client’s thoughts away and the client is powerless to stop it |
| Word salad | flow of unconnected words that convey no meaning to the listener |
| Denial | defense mechanism, clients may directly deny having any problems |
| Dual diagnosis | client with both substance and psychiatric disorders |
| Flushing | reddening of the face and neck as a result of increased blood flow |
| Manipulative behavior interventions | ensure for safety, client assume self care, set limits, assist to identify behaviors, encourage self control, be consistent, role model, explore meanings and consequences of behaviors |
| Behavioral approach interventions | system of rewards and restrictions from outside sources |
| Cognitive approach interventions | seeks to help the person change how he or she thinks about things to things to bring about change |
| Crisis interventions | assessment of person, promotion of problem solving, provision of empathetic understanding |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers |
| Dopamine | excitatory – controls complex movements, motivation, cognition and regulates emotions |
| Norepinepherine | excitatory – changes in attention, learning and memory. Sleep and wakefulness, mood |
| Epinephrine | excitatory – controls fight or flight |
| Serotonin | inhibitory – controls food intake, sleep and wakefulness, temp regulation, pain control, sexual behaviors, regulation of emotions |
| Histamine | neuromodulator – controls alertness, gastric secretions, cardiac stimulation, peripheral allergic response |
| Acetylcholine | excitatory or inhibitory – controls sleep and wake cycle, signals muscles to become alert |
| Neuropeptides | neuromodulator – enhance, prolong, inhibit or limit the effects of principal neurotransmitters |
| Glutamate | excitatory – results in neurotoxicity if levels are too high |
| GABA | inhibitory – modulates other neurotransmitters |
| Frontal Lobe | controls organization of thought, body movement, memories, emotions and moral behavior. |
| Trust issues in compliance with meds | Why are they noncompliant |
| Dicontinuation Syndrome | abrupt stopping of psych meds can cause medical symptoms (dizziness, disorientation etc) |
| Anger interventions | manage environment, manage behavior |
| PTSD symptoms | recurrent memories of event, nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance, memory problems, apathy, detachment, sleep disturbances, irritable, hypervigilence. |
| PTSD interventions | safety, cope with stress and emotions, promote self esteem |
| Anxiety Interventions | short simple directions, calming actions, separate from stimuli, stay with them |
| OCD symptoms | recurrent, persistent intrusive thoughts and impulses, attempt to neutralize thoughts with compulsions. |
| OCD interventions | offer encouragement, be clear they can change, encourage them to discuss their feelings, decrease time of ritualistic activity, use exposure techniques, assist to complete adl’s in a timely manner, schedule |
| MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) | depressed mood, anhedonism, weight change of 5% or more in a month, sleep pattern changes, psychomotor retardation or agitation, tiredness, worthlessness or guilt inappropriate, hopelessness, helplessness or suicidal. |
| MDD Interventions | safety, suicide assessment, spend nondemanding time with patient, completion of ADL’s, nutrition, rest, activities, verbailiztion of emotions, manage meds and side effects |
| Manic clients nutrition | too busy to sit and eat, finger foods or foods they can eat while moving around, high calorie and protein foods, easy t eat. |
| Compensation | Overachievement in one area to make up for deficiency elsewhere |
| Conversion | Expression of emotional conflict through the development of physical symptoms – teenager watches X rated movie, goes blind |
| Denial | Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition, failure to admit reality |
| Displacement | Ventilation of intense feelings towards persons less threatening the the one who upset you – mad at boss, but yells at spouse |
| Dissociation | Dealing with emotional conflict by a temp alteration in consciousness |
| Fixation | Immobilization of a portion of personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of phase – never learning to delay gratification |
| Identification | Modeling actions and opinion of influential others while searching for identity |
| Intellectualization | Separation of the facts of the situation from the emotional side of it |
| Introjections | Accepting another person’s attitudes and beliefs as your own |
| Projection | Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations on an external object – prejudice person who proclaims others are bigots |
| Rationalization | Excusing one own behavior to avoid guilt – teachers fault you failed cause she’s mean |
| Reaction formation | Acting the opposite of how you feel – never wanted kids so you become super mom |
| Regression | Moving back to a previous developmental stage |
| Repression | Excluding emotionally painfulthought and feelings from conscious – women has no memory before age of 7 when she was molested |
| Resistance | Overt of covert antagonism towards remembering or processing anxiety producing info |
| Sublimination | Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable – quit smoking sucks on hard candy instead |
| Substitution | Replacing the desired gratification with one that is more readily available – women who would one day like to have children opening a day care |
| Suppression | Conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness – decides not to think about something bad so you can focus |
| Undoing | Exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior |
| Pseudoparkinsonism | one of EPS (antipsychotic side effects)symptoms of parkinsons such as stiff, stooped posture, mask face, fine tremors etc. |
| Treatment for Pseudoparkinsonism | Change med or add amantidine |
| Dystonia | one of EPS (antipsychotic side effect)Muscular rigidity, difficulty swallowing |
| Dystonia Tx | cogentin orbenadryl |
| Akathisia | one of EPS (antipsychotic side effect)Constant fidgeting, inablility to be still |
| Akathisia Tx | Change med or add betablocker or benzodiazepine |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) | Rigid, fever, BP issues, pallor etc… |
| NMS Tx | DC med |
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