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Ecology Test Review

QuestionAnswer
CARNIVORE animals that eat meat. ex: lion
HERBIVORE animals that eat only plants. ex: deer
OMNIVORES animals that eat both plants and animals. ex: humans
DECOMPOSER organism that breaks down organic matter. ex: earth worm
PRODUCER organism that can capture energy from sunlight and use it to make its own food. ex: plants
CONSUMER what heterotrophs are called. ex: vultures
HETEROTROPH organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. ex: eagles
AUTOTROPH captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to make food. ex: trees
PRIMARY PRODUCER organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from inorganic compounds. ex: flowers
PRIMARY CONSUMER a tope heterotroph. ex: coyote
SECONDARY CONSUMER a carnivore that feeds only upon herbivores. ex: tiger
POPULATION a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.
ECOSYSTEM collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place.
SPECIES group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
COMMUNITY assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area.
FOOD WEB network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem.
FOOD CHAIN series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
COMMENSALISM symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. ex: a bird eating the bugs that swarm around a buffalo.
MUTUALISM symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship. ex: a bird eating slim off a crocodiles teeth.
PARASITISM symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and consequently harms it. ex: heart worm inside a cat.
PREDATION interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism. ex: a tiger capturing a deer and feeding on it.
PRIMARY SUCCESSION succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
SECONDARY SUCCESSION succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil.
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY the amount of how many different animals there are in a biome.
NICHE the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.
COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.
NITROGEN FIXATION process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia.
CONDENSATION when something goes from a gas to a liquid.
TRANSPIRATION loss of water from a plant through its leaves.
PRECIPITATION water that falls from the sky.
EVAPORATION process by which water changes from a liquid into an atmospheric gas.
Created by: 3hansenkids
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