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Biology Genetics Uni
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen base that pairs with Thymine in DNA and pairs with Uracil in RNA | Adenine (A) |
| One form of a gene Example:A=Dominant and a=recessive | Allele |
| Building Blocks of proteins and is carried by tRNA to build a protein during translation | Amino Acid |
| Compact stucture of tightly coiled DNA | Chromosome |
| Genetically identical copy of an organism Example: A cell undergoing mitosis and producing two cells identical to parent | Clone |
| Three nucleotide sequence in mRNA specifying a particular amino acid; basic unit of genetic code. | Codons |
| The exchange of genetic material homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis and makes every gamete genetically different | Crossing over |
| Nitrogen base that pairs with Guanine | Cytosine (C) |
| Describes cells that have two sets of chromosomes | Diploid |
| Double stranded genetic material of a cell composed of the bases A,T, C, G and the sugar deoxyribose | DNA |
| The allele that can cover up another allele Example R | Dominant |
| Male and female gametes fuse together Example sperm and egg meet to make a fertilized egg | FertiliZation |
| Sex cell Example egg or sperm | Gamete |
| Technique that uses electric voltage and a gel to separate and anlyze DNA fragments by size to create a genetic fingerprint | Gel electrophoresis |
| Segment of DNA that codes for a trait | Gene |
| The proces of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism | Genetic engineering |
| Genetic makeup of an organism, Example RR (homozygous dominant), Rr (heterozygous or rr (homozygous recessive | Genetype |
| Ratio showing the number of offspring with tese genotypes- RR:Rrr Example 1:2:1 | Genotypic ratio |
| Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine | Guanine (G) |
| Describes cells that have only one set of chromosomes | Haploid |
| Having two different alleles for a trait Example Rr | Heterozygous |
| Having identical alleles for a trait Example:RR (homozygous dominant) and rr (homozygous recessive) | Homozygous |
| Offspring that results from interbreeding between members of different species Example Rr(heteroygous) | Hybrid |
| Array of the chomosomes found in an individual's cells arranged in order of size and shape | Karyotype |
| A form of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half Example 46-23 | Meiosis |
| Producing an identical copy of a cell Example 46-46 | Mitosis |
| A change in the genes of an organism | Mutation |
| Buidling block of nucleic acids (subunit of DNA or RNA) consisting of three parts: sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | Nucleotide |
| Chart showing family relationships | Pedigree |
| Physical characteristics of an organism Example Brown hair | Phenotype |
| Ratio showing the number of offspring that are physically Dominant:Recessive Example 3:1 | Phenotypic ratio |
| Another name for a protein | Polypeptide |
| Composed of amino acids | Protein |
| Diagram that helps determine the possible combination of gametes during fertilization | Punnett Square |
| Describes an allele that is not expressed in heterozygous individuals, must have two recessive allels in order to express a recssive gene Example rr | Recessive |
| Molecule formed when fragments of DNA from two or more different organisma are joined together | Recombinant DNA |
| Single stranded genetic material of a cell compound of the bases A,U,C,G Examples: mRNA, rRNA,tRNA | RNA |
| Gene located on the X chromosome. Males tend to inherit sex-linked traits such as color blindness more often than females because they only have one X chromosome | Sex linked gene |
| Any type of cell that is a body cell and not involved in reproduction | Somatic cell |
| Nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine | Thymine |
| Copying of DNA to make mRNA occurs in nucleus | Transcription |
| Decoding of mRNA message to make a protein occurs on the ribsome | Translation |
| Nitrogen base in RNA that pairs with Adenine | Uracil |
| Fertilized egg that restores the diploid number of chromosomes in offspring | zygote |
Created by:
chelsea halsman
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