The first phase of the cell cycle starting just after offspring cells form.

The second growth phase of the cell cycle beginning after DNA synthesis.

A resting stage of the cell cycle in which DNA replication and cell division stop.

Synthesis of DNA; the phase during of the cell cycle during which DNA in the form of chromosomes is duplicated.

Mitosis; the phase of the cell cycle during which mitosis (nuclear division) occurs

A point of not return in the cell cycle; once this point passes, a cell is committed to a full round of the cell cycle

The division of the cell's nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division

A nitrogen containing base having one ring of carbon and nitrogen; C & T

A nitrogen containing base having two rings of carbon and nitrogen; A & G

An enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen containing bases during the replication process.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA strand using one of the original strands as a template

The strand of DNA that is replicated sequentially from the 3' end to the 5' end

The strand of DNA that is replicated by creating Okazaki fragments that are attached together in the 3' to 5' direction

a DNA repair process where enzymes remove a damaged portion of DNA, synthesize a replacement section in place, and attach it to the neighboring DNA segments

The replicated copies of a chromosome that are joined by a centromere and that separate during nuclear division.

Tightly coiled DNA and proteins

The specialized region of a chromosome that holds two replicated chromosomal strands together and that attaches to the spindle in mitosis.

A type of spindle fiber that extends from centrosome to centrosome in a dividing cell.

A type of spindle fiber that extends from centrosome to the centromere of each chromosome in a dividing cell.

A group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle.

A type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates

Gene that regulates cell division in eukaryotic cells; mutations in protooncogenes can produce oncogenes, genes having the potential to produce changes in cellular metabolism, leading to cancerous growth.

A gene that inhibits the growth of tumors; deletion or inactivation of such a gene can result in cancer

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Adv. Bio Ch 8

The Cell Cycle Vocabulary Terms

Question	Answer
G1 Phase	The first phase of the cell cycle starting just after offspring cells form.
G2 Phase	The second growth phase of the cell cycle beginning after DNA synthesis.
G0 Phase	A resting stage of the cell cycle in which DNA replication and cell division stop.
S Phase	Synthesis of DNA; the phase during of the cell cycle during which DNA in the form of chromosomes is duplicated.
M Phase	Mitosis; the phase of the cell cycle during which mitosis (nuclear division) occurs
Restriction Point	A point of not return in the cell cycle; once this point passes, a cell is committed to a full round of the cell cycle
Nuclear Division	The division of the cell's nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis
Cytokinesis	The division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division
Pyrimidines	A nitrogen containing base having one ring of carbon and nitrogen; C & T
Purines	A nitrogen containing base having two rings of carbon and nitrogen; A & G
Helicase	An enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen containing bases during the replication process.
DNA Polymerase	An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA strand using one of the original strands as a template
Leading Strand	The strand of DNA that is replicated sequentially from the 3' end to the 5' end
Lagging Strand	The strand of DNA that is replicated by creating Okazaki fragments that are attached together in the 3' to 5' direction
Mutation	A change in DNA
Excision Repair	a DNA repair process where enzymes remove a damaged portion of DNA, synthesize a replacement section in place, and attach it to the neighboring DNA segments
Chromatids	The replicated copies of a chromosome that are joined by a centromere and that separate during nuclear division.
Chromosome	Tightly coiled DNA and proteins
Chromatin	Loosely coiled DNA
Centromere	The specialized region of a chromosome that holds two replicated chromosomal strands together and that attaches to the spindle in mitosis.
Polar Fibers	A type of spindle fiber that extends from centrosome to centrosome in a dividing cell.
Kinetochore Fibers	A type of spindle fiber that extends from centrosome to the centromere of each chromosome in a dividing cell.
Cyclins	A group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle.
Kinase	A type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates
Protooncogene	Gene that regulates cell division in eukaryotic cells; mutations in protooncogenes can produce oncogenes, genes having the potential to produce changes in cellular metabolism, leading to cancerous growth.
Tumor Suppressor	A gene that inhibits the growth of tumors; deletion or inactivation of such a gene can result in cancer

Created by: jmglbrt

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