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Integumentary Sys 5
Lecture test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two main layers of the integumentary system? | Epidermis and Dermis |
| Component of the integumentary system- Skin (cutaneous membrane) | 1. covers the surface of the body 2. consists of stratified squamous epithelium and the underlying connective tissues 3. thick, relatively waterproof, and dry. |
| Functions of the integumentary system? | 1. Cushions and insulates deeper organs 2. Provides protection 3. Acts as mini-excretory system |
| Strata of the epidermis | Composed of layers of Keratinocytes. Thick- Has 5 layers Thin- Has 4 layers (strata) |
| What cells are found in the Stratum basale (geminativum) of the epidermis? | 1. Merkel cells – associated with sensory nerve ending 2. Melanocytes – secrete the pigment melanin |
| What cells are found in the Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) of the epidermis? | Contains star-shaped Langerhans cells |
| What cells are found in the Stratum granulosum of the epidermis? | keratinocytes |
| What cells are found in the Stratum lucidum(clear layer) (only in thick skin)of the epidermis? | Composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes |
| What cells are found in the Stratum corneum (horny layer) of the epidermis? | Thick layer of dead keratinocytes |
| Function of the germinative cells | Sensitivity |
| Function of the keratinocytes | 1. Produce keratin – a tough fibrous protein 2. Produce antibodies and enzymes |
| Function of the melanocytes | make melanin based on 2 things- UV light and genetics. |
| Function of the langerhans cells | Monitor for pathogens and activate immune system |
| Component of the integumentary system- Hair | flexible strand of dead keratine cells |
| Component of the integumentary system- Nails | 1. dead keratinocytes 2. look pink because we are looking at the dermis |
| Component of the integumentary system- exocrine glands | glands that discharge secretions by means of a duct, which opens onto an epithelial surface. Exocrine glands include the sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands, and the glands that secrete digestive enzymes. Most glands in the body are exocrine types. |
| Function and location of the epidermal ridge | interlocked with dermal papillae • Found in fingerprints, cleavage lines in the reticular dermis and flexure lines of the hand • Improve gripping ability |
| How are melanocytes related to skin color? | secrete the dark skin pigment melanin |
| Why does an individual tan when exposed to UV light? | melanocytes respond to UV light by increasing the production of melanin and increasing its transfer of keratinocytes. It is a protective response to reduce damage to underlying tissues. |
| 2 layers of the dermis | 1. superficial papillary layer- 20% of the dermis. consists of areolar connective tissue. Contains very thin collagen and elastic fibers. 2. deeper reticular layer- 80% of the thickness of the dermis. consists of dense irregular connective tissue |
| function of dermal papilla? | 1. deliver substances that stimulate hair growth and supply nutrients to the growing hair. 2. located in the dermis |
| difference between thick and thin skin | Thick- found on the palms and soles of feet. Thin- found everywhere else. contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Has sparser sensory receptors and lacks epidermal ridges |
| types of tissue found in the reticular layer of the dermis? | dense, irregular connective tissue. |
| What causes stretch marks? | the loss of skin's elastin and collagen |
| what are lines of cleavage? | linear clefts in the skin indicative of direction of the fibers. Clinically significant because they determine the direction and arrangement of lesions in skin diseases |
| What is the hypodermis? | layer below the skin. Consists of areolar and adipose connective tissue |
| What is the function and location of the eccrine gland? | produces sweat. located on the palms, soles and forehead. |
| What is the function and location of the apocrine gland? | produces sweat. located in the axillary, anal and genital areas. |
| What is the function and location of the sebaceous gland? | the skins oil glands. located all over the body except for the palms and soles. |
| what is acne? | when greasy secretions from the skin's sebaceous glands plug the tiny openings for hair follicles (plugged pores). |
| Function of the arrector pilli muscle? | makes hair stand up when it contracts and produces goose bumps. runs from the most superficial part of the dermis to a deep-lying hair follicle. it is involuntary muscle. |
| Vellus hair | body hairs of women and children |
| Terminal hairs | hair of scalp; axillary and pubic area (at puberty)in both sexes |
| lanugo hair | baby hair |
| What cells make up the hair? | dead keratinized cells. different proportions of two types of melanin (black-brown and yellow-rust in color) combine to produce all the different hair colors. |
| What are the functions of hair in different types of the body? | Head hair protects the scalp and helps hold in body heat. Eyelashes and eyebrow hair help keep things out of the eyes. nose and ear hair help keep debris from entering the body. body hairs allow us to feel and serve as a protective warning device. |
| Function and location of nails? | enable us to pick up small objects and scratch our skin. located on a bed of epidermis called the nail bed. |
| Anatomy of the nail- Free edge | distal part. |
| Anatomy of the nail- body | the visible attached part. |
| Anatomy of the nail- root | the proximal part embedded in the skin. |
| Anatomy of the nail- lunula | white crescent. |
| 3 classifications of burns | First degree burn – only epidermis is damaged. Second degree burn – upper part of dermis is also damaged. Blisters appear. Skin heals with little scarring. Third degree burn – consume thickness of skin. Burned area appears white, red, or blackened. |
| How is the burn percentage determined? | using the rule of nines. |
| 3 types of skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma– least malignant and most common. Squamous cell carcinoma– arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum. Melanoma– a cancer of melanocytes. The most dangerous type of skin cancer. |
| appearance of the 3 skin cancer types | Basal cell carcinoma- dome-shaped, shiny nodules on sun-exposed areas of the face. squamous cell carcinoma- small, rounded elevation. Melanoma- an expanding dark patch. |
| what does ABCDE stand for? What cancer are they used for? | Used for melanoma. A- Asymmetry: 2 halves of the spot do not match. B- Border irregularity: borders have indentations and notches. C- Color: contains several colors. D- Diameter: larger than a pencil eraser. E- Elevation: above the skin surface. |
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