Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
microbiology quiz2
RSCC Ripp Microbiology quiz 2 ch 6 - 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compromised host | ummmunocompromised - easy access to and thru the hosts defenses |
| reservoir of infection | places where pathogens can grow |
| zoonotic | diseases transferred by animals or insects to humans |
| types of contact transmission | direct, indirect, droplet |
| contact transmission direct | kissing, touching, sexual |
| contact transmission indirect | tissues, towels, needles |
| contact transmission droplet | sneezing |
| What is a fomite | non living intermediates that act as the agent of transmission by indirect contact. Towels and bedding can be fomites |
| what is epidemiology | the study of factors and mechanisms involved in the frequency and spread of disease and other health related problems |
| What is incidence | the number of new cases in a set population over a specific period |
| what is prevalence | the number of people infected in a set population at any given time |
| what is morbidity | number affected during a set period of time divided by the population number |
| what is mortality | number of deaths due to specific disease divide by total population number |
| what is sporadic | random no threat to human health |
| what is endemic | diseases that are constantly in the populations like the common cold |
| what is epidemic | incidence of disease suddenly higher than expected this happens during natural disastors |
| what is pandemic | world wide like aids and flu |
| what is common source epidemic | disease from contact from contamined substances like water w/fecal matter. affects large number of people it will subside quickly once the contamination is dealt with |
| what is propageted epidemic | remains in population a long time, aids is an example,it is amplified by person to person |
| what common source epidemic is reportable | foodborne illness, flu, to local tb, mrsa, hepatitis, syphilis to cdc |
| etiology | how deseases are caused |
| microbial antagonism | A property of microorganisms which enables one microorganism to kill, injure, or inhibit the growth of a different microorganism |
| disease | any negative change in a persons health |
| acute disease | s/s develop quickly, but last a short time a cold is an example |
| chronic disease | aids s/s develop slowly and disease can last a long time |
| latent disease | s/s can continue to reappear long after inital infection (herpes) |
| local infection | confined to a small area |
| focal infection | initial site of spreading infection |
| systemic | pathogen use blood or lymph to move around body |
| bacteremia | presence of bacteria in blood |
| septicemia | organisms multiplying in the blood |
| viremia | presence, but not multiplaction of viruses in the blood |
| toxemia | presence of toxins in the blood |
| primary infection | initial infection site |
| secondary infection | immediately follows primary infection and can be more dangerous than the intial infection |
| commensalism | neither benefits example is ear bacteria |
| mutuaism | both benefit |
| parasitism | microorganism benefits host is harmed (tb) |
| bacteriocins | produced by bacteria and act as localized antibiotics |
| toxic shock | massive leak in plasma |
| sepsis | severe systemic inflammation and organ failure |
| severe sepsis | lasts several weeks |
| acute sepsis | can kill in 24 to 48 hours |
| define emerging disease | incidence have increased over the past 30 years |
| define re-emerging disease | diseases that were thought to be controlled by antibiotics |
| name the 4 transitions of emerging infectious disease | 1. crowd 2. neighboring 3. worldwide 4. globalization |
| name 2 hurdles bacterium must overcome to be effective pathogens | able to replicate in human cells become easily transmissable |
| peptidoglycan | structure common in both gram positive and gram negative |
| basic structure of peptidoglycan | nag and nam with peptide chains |
| which gram cell is penicillin good at killing | gram positive |
| Where is M protein found | gram positive cells protrudes from cell wall It is highly susceptible to mutations. |
| Where is mycolic acid found | gram positive cells. it makes cell walls resistant to enviornment ad antibiotics |
| where are techoic and lipotechoic acids found | gram positive cells |
| where is lipid A found | gram negative cells in the lps layer |
| where are O polysaccharides found | gram negative cells in the lps layer |
| what is the function of a porin | passsage of molecules and ions into and out of the gram negative cell |
| endotoxins are produced by what gram cell | negative |
| exotoxins are produced by what gam cell | positive |
| what is glycocalyx | sticky polypeptide that if loose attachment to cell its slimy if tightly attached its a capsule |
| what are short flagella like hairs on gram negative cells that are used to transfer genes called | fimbriae |
| pili | twitch or move by retracting a whip like structure. biofilm |
| monotrichous | one flagellum at end of cell |
| amphitrichous | had 2 flagellum one at each end |
| lophotrichous | 2 or more flagellum at one end |
| peritrichous | flagella surround cell |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of cell (hypertonic) |
| lysis | cell burst (hypotonic) |
| name 2 types of passive transport | simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
| define simple diffusion | going from more concentrated to less |
| define facilitated diffusion | carried across cell wall by carrier protein |
| what is permease | carrier proteins (tunnels) |
| name 2 types of active transport | efflux and group translocation |
| define group translocation | tacks someting on as it is moving things out of the cell, it helps to keep the stuff in the cell |
| define sporulation | dormant chormo info |
| 4 steps to sporulation | 1. replication 2. copy chromo 3. form spore 4. rest of cell degrades |
| where does chemosis occur | plasma membrane |
| define psychrophile | grows in cold |
| define psychrotroph | grows in refrig. temps |
| define mesophile | grows in mod temp (humans) |
| define thermophile | grows in high temps |
| define hyperthermophile | grows in extreme heat |
| acidophile | likes low ph |
| alkalophile | likes high ph |
| halophile | bacteria that likes salt |
| why is nitrogen needed | amino acids |
| why is sulfur needed | amino acids and vits |
| where is phosphorous found | plasma membrane |
| what obtain carbon by eating other carbon molecules | chemoheterotrophs |
| what are chemoautotrophs | the obtain carbon by breaking down CO2 |
| what is thioglycolate used for | forms O2 gradient in test tube |
| define fastidious | requires lots of growth factors |
| example of selective media is | bismuth |
| example of differential media is | blood |
| what medium is both selective and differential | mannitol |
| define alpha hemolysis | incomplete destruction of RBC |
| define beta hemolysis | complete destruction of RBC |
| define gamma hemolysis | no destruction of RBC |
| what are the 4 phases of bacterial growth | 1.lag 2.log 3.stationary 4.death |
| what phase of bacterial growth is antibiotics most effective | log |
| define in vivo | in a living body |
Created by:
janice1
Popular Biology sets