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More Genetics Study
Study Guide -7th grade-incomplete dominance, sex-linked traits, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Changes in DNA | Mutations |
| Can occur in sex cells or body cells | Mutatuions |
| These mutations are passed onto offspring | sex cells mutations |
| These mutations are not passed on, they only affect the person | body cell mutations |
| Changes in the structure of the chromosome or loss of an entire chromosome | chromosome mutation |
| a piece of the chromosome breaks off | deletion |
| a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction | inversion |
| a broken piece attaches to a nonhomolougous chromosome | translocation |
| replicated chromosomes do NOT pull apart during cell division so one cell has an extra chromosome and another cell is missing one | nondisjunction |
| an extra 21st chromosome is present | down's syndrome |
| XXY,metally challenged, low fertility | klinefelter's |
| XO, immature physical development | turner's syndrome |
| sterile, web neck | turner's syndrome |
| very violent, has been linked to men convicted of violent crimes | XYY |
| two alleles of the same gene do not mask each other | incomplete dominance |
| produce a genotype and phenotype that are each a combination of both traits | incomplete dominance |
| usually carried on the X chromosome | sex linked |
| males are more likely to get the trait b/c they only have one X chromosome so if they inherit the trait and it is recessive there is nothing to mask it | sex linked |
| controlled by more than one gene Examples: eye color and skin color | polygenetic traits |
| these peopole study how traits are inherited through families and help predict chances of a trait being inherited | genetic counselors |
| explain characteristics of traits | genetic counselors |
| help parents determine probability of passing on certain traits | genetic counselors |
| use pedigrees and karyotypes as tools | genetic counselors |
| picture of chromosomes that have been removed from cells and stained | karyotype |
| procedure where large needle is inserted into the uterus of mother through abdomen and amniotic fluid is removed. Fluid contains cells from skin of fetus. | Amniocentesis |
| soundwaves are bounced off of the fetus to produce image | ultrasound |
| a record that traces how a trait is inherited and helps predict future generation | pedigree |
| these plants can be altered to produce certain chemicals that will kill certain insects that feed on them | genetically altered plants |
| insert normal gentic material into a virus which takes it to body cells and attacks them. Normal genes are then placed into body cells by virus and abnormal condition is corrected | gene transfer |
| incison is made into the stomach of mother and into uterus. Surgical tools and camera can then be inserted into uterus | fetoscopy |
| biological and chemical engineering that changes arrangement of DNA | genetic engineering |
| DNA from one organism is inserted into another (like bacteria) | recombinant DNA |
| large amounts of substances like insulin can quickly be made using this because bacteria divide more quickly than human cells | recombinant DNA |
| study of how much effect science should have on nature and if science should interfere to cause changes | genetic ethics |
| Who decides how money is spent on what research and what diseases should be studied, genetically altered, etc | politics can influence this |
Created by:
mrsfabish
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