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What is the optimum temperature for manual developing?
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If you are processing a film manually and the temperature if 72F,will you need more or less time to develop?
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Radiology lab
Exam#1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the optimum temperature for manual developing? | 68F |
| If you are processing a film manually and the temperature if 72F,will you need more or less time to develop? | Less time |
| If you are manually processing a film and the temperature is 65F, will you need more or less time to process? | more time |
| What is the optimum temperature when processing in the machine? | 82F |
| What is the function of fixer? | Clears the emulsion off the film that has been developed.and hardens the emulsion* |
| T/F manual processing is sensitive to time and temperature | True |
| T/F- Solutions for the machine are made to be used in warmer temperatures than manual processing and in less time | True |
| What is a dark room? | A safe place to develop radiographs |
| What color is the safelight, generally? | Red |
| T/F- The xray film is sensitive to the blue/ orange light,but it is less sensitive to red | FAlSE- It Is sensitive to Blue/Green and less sensitive to red/orange light spectrum. |
| the film is most sensitive to what colors? | Blue/ Green |
| In the color spectrum: Red/Orange are the furthest away from what other colors? | Green/Blue |
| The optimum distance from the counter with the film, to the safe light is? | 4 feet |
| How does overdeveloped film appear? | dark- more dense |
| How does underdeveloped film appear? | light-less dense |
| T/F- To underdevelop and overdevelop are processing errors | TRUE |
| What can cause a dark film? | (1)overprocessing (2)solution too warm (3) |
| What can cause an underdeveloped film? | not long enough in the developer solution |
| What factors affect the life of a solution? | (1)oxidation- natural slow down (2)volume-Number of films processed (3)Temperature- too hot/cold (4) Chemical Contamination |
| How often should the solutions be changed? | 3-4 weeks |
| T/F- Over time the developer depletes, it must be replenished with concentrated solution. Do not dilute | TRUE- the solutions should not be diluted |
| How is the size of the size of the Halide crystals related to the speed of the film? | XXXXX |
| In the film packet. What is the purpose of the lead foil? | stops |
| T/F- The Inverse Square Law states that the further away from the source of radiation the less intense the beam. | TRUE- distance from source is inversely proportional to intensity of beam. |
| According to the Inverse Square Law, which distance is better for the patient 8" or 16"? | 16"- less divergent rays, more parallel rays, less intense beam |
| For the Inverse Square Law what do you divide by and what do you multiply by? | Divide by 4 and multiply by 4 |
| T/F- If only part of the fil got developer and then the whole film is fixed, How will that part of the film not developed look? | clear* |
| What will happen if Lori, by mistake, dipped the film into the fixer and after into the developer. How will that film appear? | clear |
| What is the purpose for taking BWS? | Interproximal exam for: caries, crest of bone, calculus |
| Generally, how many BWS are taken? | 4BWS |
| Generally, what size film is used? | Size 2 |
| What is latent image? | The invisible image after exposure and before processing |
| Name the 5 steps in manual processing: | (1)Developer(2)Rinse(3)Fixing(4)washing(5)Drying |
| Name the 4 steps in automatic processing: | (1)Developer(2)Fixing(3)Washing(4)Drying |
| What is the function of the developer? | (1)Reduces black metallic silver (2)Precipitates black metallic silver (30 softens the emulsion |
| T/F- Developer and Fixer are basic solutions. | False- Developer is basic / Fixer is Acid |
| Why are the yellow-brown stains produced on the film? | not enough time fixing/ not enough rinsing |
| What may cause a blank film? | (1)not exposed; machine off,broken machine(2)fixer 1st,then developer(3) |
| What causes a superimposed film? | Metal appears radioopaque- metal appliance not removed |
| Define Film Processing: | A series of steps that produce a visible image on a dental radiograph |
| What are the end results of film processing: | (1)converts latent(invisible) image to visible image. (2)Preserves image |
| How is a latent image created? | Silver halide crystal absorb xradiation during xray exposure & store the energy, then the stored energy forms a pattern & creates an invisible image within the emulsion |
| Quantity of xray penetration & halide exposure through Air/soft tissue: | Many xrays penetrate/ many halides exposed |
| Quantity of xray penetrattion & halide exposure through Bone: | Fewer xrays penetrate/ fewer halides exposed |
| Quantity of xray penetration & halide exposure through amalgam/gold: | Few if any xrays penetrate/ no exposed silver halide |
| What is reduction? | when during processing the portion of the exposed,energized halide is removed. |
| What is the result of reduction? | exposed silver halides results in precipitated black metallic silver. |
| The first step in developing is? | Developing |
| In film processing, the rinsing step is necessary because: | Rinsing removes the developer from the film and stops the development process |
| The film emulsion is hardened during: | Fixation |
| The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the ___(1)___ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer brings out the______(2)_______ tones on a dental radiographs | (1)black (2)gray |
| The optimal temperature for the developer solution is: | 68F |
| The size of a darkroom is determined by what factors? | (1)volume of radiographs processed (2)Type of processing equiptment used (3) Space requirements for duplication of films (4) number of persons using the room |
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sofiamars100