Exam#1
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| What is the optimum temperature for manual developing? | 68F
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| If you are processing a film manually and the temperature if 72F,will you need more or less time to develop? | Less time
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| If you are manually processing a film and the temperature is 65F, will you need more or less time to process? | more time
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| What is the optimum temperature when processing in the machine? | 82F
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| What is the function of fixer? | Clears the emulsion off the film that has been developed.and hardens the emulsion*
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| T/F manual processing is sensitive to time and temperature | True
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| T/F- Solutions for the machine are made to be used in warmer temperatures than manual processing and in less time | True
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| What is a dark room? | A safe place to develop radiographs
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| What color is the safelight, generally? | Red
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| T/F- The xray film is sensitive to the blue/ orange light,but it is less sensitive to red | FAlSE- It Is sensitive to Blue/Green and less sensitive to red/orange light spectrum.
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| the film is most sensitive to what colors? | Blue/ Green
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| In the color spectrum: Red/Orange are the furthest away from what other colors? | Green/Blue
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| The optimum distance from the counter with the film, to the safe light is? | 4 feet
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| How does overdeveloped film appear? | dark- more dense
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| How does underdeveloped film appear? | light-less dense
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| T/F- To underdevelop and overdevelop are processing errors | TRUE
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| What can cause a dark film? | (1)overprocessing (2)solution too warm (3)
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| What can cause an underdeveloped film? | not long enough in the developer solution
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| What factors affect the life of a solution? | (1)oxidation- natural slow down (2)volume-Number of films processed (3)Temperature- too hot/cold (4) Chemical Contamination
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| How often should the solutions be changed? | 3-4 weeks
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| T/F- Over time the developer depletes, it must be replenished with concentrated solution. Do not dilute | TRUE- the solutions should not be diluted
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| How is the size of the size of the Halide crystals related to the speed of the film? | XXXXX
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| In the film packet. What is the purpose of the lead foil? | stops
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| T/F- The Inverse Square Law states that the further away from the source of radiation the less intense the beam. | TRUE- distance from source is inversely proportional to intensity of beam.
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| According to the Inverse Square Law, which distance is better for the patient 8" or 16"? | 16"- less divergent rays, more parallel rays, less intense beam
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| For the Inverse Square Law what do you divide by and what do you multiply by? | Divide by 4 and multiply by 4
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| T/F- If only part of the fil got developer and then the whole film is fixed, How will that part of the film not developed look? | clear*
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| What will happen if Lori, by mistake, dipped the film into the fixer and after into the developer. How will that film appear? | clear
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| What is the purpose for taking BWS? | Interproximal exam for: caries, crest of bone, calculus
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| Generally, how many BWS are taken? | 4BWS
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| Generally, what size film is used? | Size 2
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| What is latent image? | The invisible image after exposure and before processing
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| Name the 5 steps in manual processing: | (1)Developer(2)Rinse(3)Fixing(4)washing(5)Drying
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| Name the 4 steps in automatic processing: | (1)Developer(2)Fixing(3)Washing(4)Drying
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| What is the function of the developer? | (1)Reduces black metallic silver (2)Precipitates black metallic silver (30 softens the emulsion
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| T/F- Developer and Fixer are basic solutions. | False- Developer is basic / Fixer is Acid
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| Why are the yellow-brown stains produced on the film? | not enough time fixing/ not enough rinsing
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| What may cause a blank film? | (1)not exposed; machine off,broken machine(2)fixer 1st,then developer(3)
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| What causes a superimposed film? | Metal appears radioopaque- metal appliance not removed
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| Define Film Processing: | A series of steps that produce a visible image on a dental radiograph
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| What are the end results of film processing: | (1)converts latent(invisible) image to visible image. (2)Preserves image
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| How is a latent image created? | Silver halide crystal absorb xradiation during xray exposure & store the energy, then the stored energy forms a pattern & creates an invisible image within the emulsion
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| Quantity of xray penetration & halide exposure through Air/soft tissue: | Many xrays penetrate/ many halides exposed
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| Quantity of xray penetrattion & halide exposure through Bone: | Fewer xrays penetrate/ fewer halides exposed
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| Quantity of xray penetration & halide exposure through amalgam/gold: | Few if any xrays penetrate/ no exposed silver halide
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| What is reduction? | when during processing the portion of the exposed,energized halide is removed.
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| What is the result of reduction? | exposed silver halides results in precipitated black metallic silver.
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| The first step in developing is? | Developing
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| In film processing, the rinsing step is necessary because: | Rinsing removes the developer from the film and stops the development process
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| The film emulsion is hardened during: | Fixation
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| The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the ___(1)___ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer brings out the______(2)_______ tones on a dental radiographs | (1)black (2)gray
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| The optimal temperature for the developer solution is: | 68F
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| The size of a darkroom is determined by what factors? | (1)volume of radiographs processed (2)Type of processing equiptment used (3) Space requirements for duplication of films (4) number of persons using the room
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