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Ch13 vocabu.

Mieosis

QuestionAnswer
alternation of generations A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
asexual reproduction A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
autosome A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
chiasma (plural, chiasmata) The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
clone (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage, a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell
crossing over The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
diploid cell A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
fertilization The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
gamete A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm.
gametophyte In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
gene A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
genetics The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
haploid cell A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
heredity The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
homologous chromosomes Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci
karyotype A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
life cycle The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
locus (plural, loci) A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
meiosis A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis I The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
meiosis II The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.
recombinant chromosome A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
sex chromosome One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
sexual reproduction A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
somatic cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell.
spore In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.
sporophyte In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
synapsis The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
tetrad A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids.
variation Differences between members of the same species.
zygote The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg.
Created by: lauren lou
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