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Principles
Ostomy Ch. 46 ATI 43
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What affects bowel elimination? | surgery, immobility, medications, and therapeutic diets |
| What is constipation? | bowel movements that are infrequent, hard or dry, and difficult to pass |
| What is diarrhea? | increased number of loose, liquid stools |
| Stool samples should come from? | fresh stool |
| What are ostomies? | temporary or permanent opeming in the ab wall to allow fecal matter to pass |
| Colostomies end in the? | colon |
| Ileostomies end in the? | ileum |
| Loop colostomies are performed as a? | medical emergency and are temporary |
| What are double barrel colostomies? | 2 abdominal stomes, one proximal and one distal |
| Toddlers get bowl control at? | 2-3 |
| What are fiber requirements? | 25-30 g/day |
| Physical activity stimulates? | intestinal activity |
| Depression decreases? | peristalsis, and can lead to constipation |
| When you ar epregnant you have? | slower peristalsis |
| Laxatives? | soften stools |
| Cathartics? | promote peristalsis |
| What is viewed in a colonoscopy? | large colon and sometimes a portion of the lower small bowel are visualized |
| What is a sigmoidscopy? | sigmoid colon and rectum are visualized |
| What is a fracture pan? | for clients with body cast |
| What is a regular pan? | for seated clients |
| the height of the bag above the rectum determines the? | depth of cleansing |
| What does a tap water enema do? | stimulated evacuation |
| What is a soapsuds enema? | acts as an irritant to promote bowel peristalsis |
| What is normal saline enema? | Safest, volume stimulates peristalsis |
| What is a low volume hypertonic enema? | good for clients who cannot tolerate high volume enemas |
| What is fleet? | commercially prepared hypertonic enema |
| What is an oil retention enema? | lubricates the rectum and colon |
| What are medicated enemas? | contains medications to be retained |
| How should a stoma appear? | moist, shiny and pink |
| What can cause constipation? | improper diet, decreased fluid intake, lack of excersice, and meds |
| What are used before stool softeners, stimulants, and suppositiores? | bulk forming products |
| Hemorrhoids are? | itchy, painful, and bloody after defecation |
| What are causes of constipation? | frequent use of laxitive, age, no fluid or fiber |
| what are s/s of constipation? | ab bloating, cramping, and defacation |
| What are s/s of diarhhea? | frequent loose stools, ab cramping |
| What is a fecal occult blood test? | fecal sample obtained |
| What is digital rectal examination is for? | impaction |
| What should clients taking antibiotics eat? | yogurt |
| What causes metabolic acidosis? | excess loss of bicarbonate |
| What affect bowel elimination? | age, diet, fluid intake, physical activity, personal habits, pain, pregnancy |
| What is an enema? | instillation of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon..used to promote defecation |
| What are enema used for? | temporary relief of constipation, remove impaction, medical procedues |
| What are types of cleansing enemas? | tap water, soap subs, NS, fleets |
| What are other types of enemas? | oil retention, medicated |
| What is carminative? | enema, relief from gaseous distention |
| What is kayexalate? | enema for high serum K levels |
| What is neomycin? | enema, with antibiotic |
| Don't give emena is pt has? | CV disease, glaucoma, IICP, elevated BP, cardiac irregularities, order reads "enema til clear" |
| Why should you call when is says enema til clear? | to vague |
| What are intestinal diversions? | colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, polyps, ulcerative colitis |
| What is a colostomy? | large colon out of abdomen |
| What is a ileostomy? | portion of ilium used to make stoma on abdomen |
| What is a stoma? | surgically created artifical opening of an internal organ of the body |
| Bowel used to form the stoma depends on? | location of the bowel abnormaility |
| What will be used for the stoma? | the healthy area proximal to diseased area |
| Protection of skin around the stoma is? | VITAL |
| What is effluent? | stool from stoma |
| Ascending colon has what in ti? | fluid, greater risk for dehydration |
| What transverse colon has what? | semifluid and mushy |
| What does the descending colon have? | semisolid |
| What does the rectum have? | solid |
| effluent contain digestive juices that are? | irritating to skin |
| Initially after stoma surgery diet is? | low in fiber and residue |
| What are psychosocial effects of a stoma? | risk for altered body image, isolation, inaffetive grieving, sexual dysfucntion |
| After placing a stoma a pt should have a session with a? | enterostomal therapist |
| What is a one piece system? | pouch and skin barrier are combined into a single unit, designed for discretion, cut to fit or precut, closed end and urostomy pouches |
| What is a two piece system? | the pouch and skin barrier are two seperate pieces, allows you to change the pouch without removing skin barrier |
| How do you choose a pouching system? | pt ab type, lifestyle, activity, vision |
| How often are bags changed? | 3-5 days |
| What d you only irrigate? | colostomy |
| You can give an enema through? | stoma |
| What do you document about a stoma? | condition, size, type of pouch, skin barrier applied, pt participation, stool appearance, pt teaching performed |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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