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Ch. 24.3 Winds
Energy Budget, Pressure, and Wind
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albedo | A measure of how reflective a surface is. Clouds and ice caps have high albedo. |
| Greenhouse Effect | Raising of Earth's temperature due to atmospheric gases that trap outgoing infrared energy from Earth's surface and prevent it from escaping to space. |
| Name 2 greenhouse gases. | Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor |
| Energy Inputs in Earths' Energy Budget/Balance consist of: ______. | Incoming solar radiation in the form of U.V. and visible light wavelengths. |
| Energy Outputs in Earth's Energy Budget/Balance consist of: ______. | Outgoing infrared radiation re-radiated from Earth's surface to space. |
| How do clouds affect Earth's energy budget? | Clouds reflect incoming solar radiation, reducing INPUTS (solar radiation absorbed by Earth's surface). This reduces daytime temps. |
| How do greenhouse gases affect Earth's energy budget? | GHGs prevent outgoing infrared radiation from Earth from escaping. This warms temperatures. |
| What wavelengths of radiation are absorbed by Earth's surface? | Ultraviolet (UV) and visible light |
| What wavelengths of radiation are re-radiated by Earth's surface? | Infrared (heat) |
| What percentage of the sun's radiation is reflected by clouds and surfaces of Earth? | 30% |
| What percentage of the sun's radiation is absorbed by the air? | ~20% (air + surfaces absorb ~70%) |
| What percentage of the sun's radiation is absorbed by surfaces? | ~50% (air + surfaces absorb ~ 70%) |
| Positive Feedback Loop | A process that re-enforces itself. For example: an initial warming can trigger more warming. |
| If ice caps grow, then the planet's albedo __________ and global temperatures _____________. | increases; decrease |
| If ice caps melt, then the planet's albedo may __________ and global temperature ______________. | decrease; increase |
| Radiation | Method of energy transfer where energy is transported as a wave on the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves can travel through empty space and travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. |
| Conduction | Method of energy transfer in which heat is transferred by the collision of molecules (within a few feet of Earth's surface). |
| Convection | Method of heat transfer where energy is redistributed by moving air -- warm air rises and cool air sinks |
| Warm air has (high/low) density; (high/low) pressure; and (rises/sinks). | low; low; rises |
| Cool air has (high/low) density; (high/low) pressure; and (rises/ sinks). | High; high; sinks |
| Wind | THe horizontal movement of air. |
| What causes wind? | The unequal heating of Earth's surfaces creates pressure differences that lead to wind. |
| Wind always moves from ______ pressure regions to _______pressure regions. | high; low |
| Seabreeze | a local wind that blows from the sea to land during the day when the land is warmer than water. |
| Landbreeze | a local wind that blows from the land to the sea at night when the land is cooler than the water. |
| Monsoon Wind | A seasonal wind that blows from the ocean to land in the summer in subtropical areas (India/S.E. Asia). These winds bring rain for months. |
| The equator is a __________ pressure latitude (due to temperatures). | low |
| The poles are _________________ pressure zones (due to temperatures). | High |
| If Earth did NOT rotate, winds would blow from the ____________ to the _______________. | poles; equator |
| ITCZ (Intertropical convergence zone) | An area at the equator where air rises. It is more or less windless (a.k.a. "the doldrums") |
| Tradewinds | Global winds in the tropics; They move from 30 degrees to the equator from East to West. |
| Prevailing Westerlies | Global winds at mid-latitudes. They move from 30 to 60 degrees from west to east. |
| Polar Easterlies | Global winds at the polar zones. They move from 90 to 60 degrees from east to west. |
| Coriolis Effect | The curvature of global winds due to Earth's rotation. |
| What direction are global winds deflected in the northern hemisphere? | to the right |
| What direction are global winds deflected in the southern hemisphere? | to the left |
| Jet Stream | A fast moving stream of air in the upper troposphere; It separates cold Canadian air from warmer Gulf air. |
| At latitudes where warm air rises, the climate is (dry/rainy). | rainy |
| At latitudes where cold air sinks, the climate is (dry/rainy). | dry/desert |
| Land heats up and cools down (faster/slower) than water. | faster |
Created by:
burnsie
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