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DNA Voc. CHS

Reyes-Biology-DNA, The Blueprint of LIfe-CHS

QuestionAnswer
presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait multiple alleles
graphic representation of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map genetic traits pedigree
a double-stranded molecule (Double Helix)made up of a sequence of paired nucleotides that encode each gene on a chromosome DNA
a carbon ring stucture that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; four possible nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T) nitrogen base
a pyrimidines base of DNA and RNA involved in base paring with guanine cytosine
best-known for the role in "DNA replication", in which the polymerase "reads" an intact DNA strand as a "template" and uses it to synthesize the new strand; an ENZYME DNA polymerase
one of the four main nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids; Guanine is a purine and base pairs with cytosine guanine
two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds base pairings
shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a spring like structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases double helix
a purine base, that is involved in base pairing with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA adenine
"set of three nitrogen bases" that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogen bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein codon
the simple sugar in DNA deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribose
any change or random error in a DNA sequence mutation
inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygotes is intermediate between those two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait incomplete dominance
pattern where phenotypes of both homozygote parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are "equally expressed"; "MIXTURE" codominance
process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make a RNA copy of a DNA strand transcription
any change or random error in a DNA sequence mutation
inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygotes is intermediate between those two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait incomplete dominance
pattern where phenotypes of both homozygote parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are "equally expressed"; "MIXTURE" codominance
process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make a RNA copy of a DNA strand transcription
large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism protein synthesis
RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order rRNA
weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms hydrogen bond
an "enzyme" that produces "RNA"; RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many "viruses" RNA polymerase
RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins tRNA
mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base frameshift
inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes polygenic traits
the three-base sequence in tRNA complementary to a codon on mRNA anticodon
the nucleotide sequence transcribed from DNA to a strand of messenger RNA acts as a gentic message, the complete information for the building of a protein genetic code
subunits of nucleic acid formed from a "simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base" nucleotide
RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code nucleic acid
covalent bond formed between amino acids peptide bond
RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm mRNA
the DNA in the chromosomes is copied replication
Created by: pennyboone
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