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IB Env Systems
IB Environmental Systems and Societies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nonliving components of the biosphere. | Abiotic factors |
| The production, processing, marketing and use of foods, fibers and byproducts from plant crops and animals. | Agriculture |
| The degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or planet. | Biodiversity |
| The living things that shape an organism. | Biotic Factors |
| A measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems. | Ecological footprint |
| The scientific study of the distributions abundance and relations of organisms. | Ecology |
| The surroundings of an object. | Environment |
| A broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for the improvement of the environment. | Environmentalism |
| An interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical and biological sciences. | Environmental Science |
| The academic field which systematically studies human interaction with the environment. | Environmental Studies |
| Formed by natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition of burned dead organisms. | Fossil Fuels |
| 18th to 19th century where major changes in agriculture and manufacturing occurred. | Industrial Revolution |
| Something that borrows techniques from numerous disciplines to bring results. | Interdisciplinary |
| 'Boom and Bust'theory. | Thomas Malthus |
| An experiment that manipulates the system of study in order to uncover casual relationships. | Manipulative Experiment |
| An observational study in which the assignments of treatments has been haphazard. | Natural Experiment |
| Occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by man kind. | Natural Resources |
| Refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the universe. | Natural Science |
| A natural resource which cannot be produced or grown. | Nonrenewable Natural Resources |
| When a population exceeds the environmental capacity. | Overshoot |
| A complete backwards change. | Paradigm |
| Process of self regulating by a profession or a process of evaluation. | Peer Review |
| Fields of academic scholarship that explore aspects of human society. | Social Sciences |
| The capacity to endure. | Sustainability |
| Resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment. | Sustainable Development |
| Contemplation or speculation as opposed to action. | Theory |
| Reparation of a problem. | Treatment |
| Describes the social and environmental impact of an organizations activities in a measurable way. | Triple Bottom Line |
| Replacing the unknown. | Variables |
| A concept that human beings regard themselves as most important. | Anthropocentrism |
| Asserts value of non-human life in nature. | Biocentrism |
| State ownership of profit seeking that operates in capitalism. | Capitalist Market Economy |
| Attempt to substitute a number of firms with a single one. | Centrally Planned Economy |
| Late 18th century; showed that order laid beneath chaos. | Classical Economics |
| Protection of works of art. | Conservation |
| Estimating economic values for economic and environmental services. | Contingent Valuation |
| Used to determine whether a planned action will turn out positive or negative for the investment. | Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| Nature centered view as opposed to human centered. | Ecocentrism |
| A view that shows the oppression of women and nature is related. | Ecofeminism |
| Certification and labeling of products that are good for the environment. | Eco-Labeling |
| Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources. | Ecosystem services |
| Leader of the Transcendentalist movement. | Ralph Waldo Emerson |
| Moral philosophy. | Ethics |
| Aggregate measure of a countries total economic production. | Gross Product Indicator |
| Objects produced for market. | Goods |
| Explores various sustainability indices. | Green Accounting Indices |
| Measure of a countries overall economic output. | Gross Domestic Product |
| American ecologist, forester and environmentalist. | Aldo Leopold |
| British philosopher and civil servant. | John Stewart Mill |
| Early advocate of US wildlife preservation. | John Muir |
| Approach to economics focused on determining price, output, income. | Neoclassical Economics |
| Value of goods/services not commonly bought/sold in markets. | Non market Values |
| Allows developing nations to reap profits from green policy. | Permit Trading |
| 1st chief of forest service. | Gifford Pinchot |
| To protect something. | Preserve |
| A point of view that believes in no absolute truth or validity. | Relativists |
| English art critic, social thinker. | John Ruskin |
| Scottish moral philosopher. | Adam Smith |
| Positive solution to economic and environmental problems. | Steady State Economics |
| Refers to the gathering of objects of value to boost the economy. | Subsistence Economy |
| Author of Walden. | Henry David Thoreau |
| Religious, theological, and philosophical concepts coexist. | Universalist |
| American poet, essayist and journalist. | Walt Whitman |
| Orientation of an individual or societies encompassing natural philosophy. | Worldview |
| Type of economy that includes setting rules and limits, and threatening punishment for breaking rules and limits. | Command and Control |
| Type of law that arises from conventions and treaties that nations enter into. | Conventional Law |
| International law from long standing practices or customs held in common by most cultures. | Customary Law |
| Government issued marketable permit to conduct environmentally harmful activities. | Emission Permit |
| A report of results from detailed study that assess the environmental impact. | Environmental Impact Statement |
| Conducts and evaluates research, monitoring quality and setting environmental standards. | Environmental Protection Agency |
| Seeks to promote Europe's unity and it's economic and social progress. | European Union |
| President, Vice President, White House Staff where legislation is vetoed or enacted. | Executive Branch |
| Avoiding environmental responsibility by getting a 'free ride' off of other factories. | Free Rider |
| Taxes on environmentally harmful activities. | Green Tax |
| Supreme, Federal, and State courts that interpret law. | Judicial Branch |
| Statutory Law | Legislation |
| Congress, creates legislation, Senate and House of Representatives. | Legislative Branch |
| Anyone who spends time or money trying to change an elected officials mind. | Lobbying |
| A US owned factory on the Mexican side of the Mexico/US border. | Maquiladoras |
| Created council for environmental quality, requires an EIS. | National Environmental Policy Act |
| Policy made by the government. | Public Policy |
| A specific rule issued by administrative agency based on statutory law. | Regulatory |
| The deprivation of a properties owner by means of law. | Regulatory Taking |
| The movement of individuals between the private sector and government agencies. | Revolving Door |
| A government giveaway of cash or publicly owned resources intended to encourage an act. | Subsidy |
| Crossing of a political boundary such as national border. | Transboundary |
| "To maintain international peace and security, and develop friendly relations. | United Nations |
| All the land from which water drains into the river. | Watershed |
| The gloves largest sources of funding for economic development. | World Bank |
| In Geneva Switzerland, from international trade agreement to promote free trade. | World Trade Organization |
| The attempt to clean up pollution by enhancing natural processes of biodegredation. | Bioremediation |
| The degree of disorder in a substance, system and process. | Entropy |
| "Seeds" from space traveled on meteorites to Earth. | Parmigiana Hypothesis |
| Describes the relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population. | Age Distribution |
| Visitation of natural areas for tourism and recreation. | Ecotourism |
| Occurs nowhere else on the planet. | Endemic |
| Populations tend to stabilize over time, (whale) | K Selected Strategists |
| A plot that shows how the initial exponential growth of a population is slowed by limiting factors. | Logistic Growth Curve |
| High biotic potential and devote energy and resources to producing as many as possible. | R Selected Strategist |
| The proportion of males and females. | Sex Ratio |
| The spacial arrangement of organisms within a particular area. | Population Distribution |
| A graph that shows how the likelihood of death for members of a population varies with age. | Survivorship Curve |
| Formation that occurs when population becomes isolated within the same geographic area. | Sympatric Speciation |
| Theory of Pangaea. | Wallace |
| A relationship between members of different species in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected. | Amensalism |
| A major regional complex of similar plant communities; a large ecounit defined by a dominant plant type. | Biome |
| A biome of northern coniferous forests that stretches across Canada, Alaska, Russia and Scandinavia. | Boreal Forest |
| A biome of mostly densely thicketed evergreen shrubs occurring in limited small patches. | Chaparral |
| A chart that shows what the weather is like overall in a certain place. | Climatograph |
| A relationship between members of different species in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. | Commensalism |
| A relationship in which multiple organisms seek the same limited resources. | Competition |
| Effort to reverse the effects of human disruption of ecosystems and restore them to their natural state. | Ecological Restoration |
| The full niche of a species. | Fundamental Niche |
| The consumption of plants by animals. | Herbivory |
| A species that spreads widely and rapidly becomes dominant in a community. | Invasive Species |
| A relationship in which all participating organisms benefit from their interactions. | Mutualism |
| An organism whose impact on its community is too large relative to its abundance. | Key Stone Species |
| A relationship in which one organism depends on another while doing the host harm. | Paratism |
| A species that arrives earliest, beginning the ecological process of succession. | Pioneer Species |
| The process in which one species hunts, tracks, captures and ultimately kills its prey. | Predation |
| A stereotypical series of changes as an ecological community develops overtime, beginning with a lifeless substrate. | Primary Succession |
| The portion of the fundamental niche that is fully realized by a species. | Realized Niche |
| The ability of an ecological community to change in response to disturbance but later return to its original state. | Resilience |
| The ability of an ecological community to remain stable in the presence of a disturbance. | Resistance |
| The process by which species adapt to competition by evolving using slightly different resources. | Resource Partitioning |
| The study of the historical conditions of ecocommunities as they existed before humans altered them. | Restoration Ecology |
| A biome characterized by grasslands interspersed with clusters of acacias and other trees. | Savannas |
| A stereotypical series of changes as an ecological community develops over time. | Secondary Succession |
| A stereotypical series of changes in the composition and structure of an ecocommunity over time. | Succession |
| A parasitic or mutualistic relationship between different species. | Symbiosis |
| A biome whose vegetation is dominated by grasses and features with a more extreme temperature difference. | Temperate Grassland |
| A biome consisting of tall coniferous trees, cooler, less species rich than tropical rain forests and mild and wet. | Temperate Rain forest |
| Rank in feeding hierarchy of a food chain. | Trophic Levels |
| A biome that consists of deciduous tress and occurs at tropical and subtropical latitudes, with both wet and dry. | Tropical Dry Forest |
| A biome characterized by year round rain and uniformly warm temperatures. | Tropical Rainforest |
| A biome that is nearly as dry as a desert but is located at high latitudes along Russia, Canada and Scandinavia. | Tundra |
| Water held in aquifers underground. | Groundwater |
| A process to synthesize ammonia on an industrial scale. | Haber-Bosch Process |
| The tendency of a system to maintain constant or stable internal conditions. | Homeostasis |
| The flow of water through our biotic and abiotic environment. | Hydrologic Cycle |
| All water(salt, fresh, liquid, ice, gas) in surface bodies, underground, and in atmosphere. | Hydrosphere |
| When oxygen concentrations fall below the level necessary to sustain most animal life. | Hypoxia |
| Rock formed from magma. | Igneous Rock |
| The science of studying/improving development between environment and urbanism. | Landscape Ecology |
| The process in which sediments compact under pressure. | Lithification |
| Rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet. | Lithosphere |
| Molten rock, volatiles and solids under Earths surface. | Magma |
| The layer above the earths core. | Mantle |
| Rocks that have morphed into another kind of rock. | Metamorphic Rock |
| Occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system. | Negative Feedback Loop |
| The rate at which all plants in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy. | Net Primary Production |
| The net flux of carbon from the atmosphere into green plants per unit time. | Net Primary Productivity |
| The process by which ammonia is converted to nitrites then nitrates. | Nitrification |
| The process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia. | Nitrogen Fixation |
| Cease production of an enzyme in the presence of oxygen. | Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria |
| A pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves. | Nutrient Cycles |
| A chemical an organism needs to live and grow. | Nutrient |
| Anything(cell, person, forest...) that takes in resources from its environment. | Open System |
| Biochemical cycle that describes movement of phosphorous through litho, hydro and biosphere. | Phosphorous Cycle |
| Theory that explains the movement of Earth's plates. | Plate Tectonics |
| Parallel feedback in accordance with what is happening. | Positive Feedback Loop |
| When water falls back to the Earth. | Precipitation |
| A measure of output from a production process. | Productivity |
| A group of changes. Igneous to sedimentary to metamorphic. | Rock Cycle |
| Water flow when the ground is saturated. | Runoff |
| Formation of biomass of a heterotrophic population or group of population over a period of time. | Secondary Production |
| Matter that settles into the bottom of a liquid. | Sediment |
| Formed by sedimentation of material at Earth's surface. | Sedimentary Rock |
| Plates move horizontally past each other on strike-slip faults. | Transform Plate Boundary |
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