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Micro QII:QIV
Specific Defenses of the Host
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| specific resistance of the host | immunity |
| the resistance to disease that we are born with | innate immunity |
| refers to the resistance to disease that a host develops during the course of a lifetime | acquired immunity |
| something the body recognizes as nonselfand thus mounts an immune response to that foreign organism/substance | antigen |
| _____ immunity is acquired when a person is exposed to a foreign substance and the immune system responds | active |
| _____ immunity is acquired when antibodies are produced by someone else and transferred to another individual | passive |
| antigens enter the body naturally, or an individual is exposed to someone else who has the disease | naturally acquired active immunity |
| someone else produces the antibodies and they are transferred to another via mother to fetus across placenta or mother to fetus via breast milk | naturally acquired passive immunity |
| antigens present in a vaccine are artificially introduced to the individual, and their body then produces antibodies | artificially acquired active immunity |
| preformed antibodies in an immune serum are introduced into the body, antibodies are artificially transferred | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| duality of immune system: involves the production of antibodies that act against foreign substances and organisms (antigens) - 2 names | humoral immunity, antibody-mediated immunity |
| type of immunity which primarily defends against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses and other obligate intracellular parasites that have not yet invaded a host cell | humoral immunity |
| type of immunity that involves specialized lymphocytes called T Cells that act against foreign organisms or tissues | cell-mediated immunity |
| either proteins or large polysaccharides, nonself | antigens |
| produced in response to antigens, usually proteins - 2 names | antibodies, immunoglobulins |
| the coating of the antigen which marks the cells for elimination by phagocytosis | opsonization |
| antibodies which precipitate the antigen | precipitins |
| antibodies which cause the antigens to clump together | agglutinins |
| most prevalent antibody in blood serum, small enough to cross vessels into fluids | IgG |
| first antibodies to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen, large size prevents them from entering the surrounding tissues | IgM |
| most abundant antibody in the body, found in mucous membranes and in body secretions such as mucus, saliva, tears, breast milk | IgA |
| antibody found primarily on the surfaces of B cells and act primarily as antigen receptors, "isolaters" | IgD |
| type of antibody that is active in allergic reactions and parasitic worm infections | IgE |
| vaccine type: use living but attenuate microorganims | attenuated whole-agent vaccine |
| vaccine type: use microorganism that have already been killed | inactivated whole-agent vaccine |
| vaccine type: use inactivated toxins | toxoids |
| type of vaccine: use antigenic fragments | subunit vaccine |
| type of vaccine: combine substances to try to produce a stronger immune response than is produced by a substance when it is present on its own | conjugated vaccine |
| DNA vaccines, only remains effective until the DNA is degraded | nucleic acid vaccine |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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