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Axial Skeleton 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones in the body? | 206 |
| Axial Skeleton | Skull, Vertebral Column, Rib Cage |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Appendages, Arms & Legs, Girdle |
| Girdle | connects arm to axial |
| Bones | Support frame |
| Bone protection | support & protect vital functions ie; skull to brain |
| Bone movement | move one bone to another |
| Bone storage | fat-(yellow marrow) Minerals-calcium |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | end of a long bone (expanded portion of bone) |
| Periosteum | fiberous connective tissue that covers the bone, anchors blood vessel, builds cells. |
| Articular Cartilige | Coated layer of Hyaline Cartilidge,smooth surface |
| Medullary Cavity | stores yellow marrow |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| Lucana | tiny chambers for osteocytes |
| Lamella | concentric ring of matrix; encircle central canal;blood vessels |
| Bone fracture close/simple | Bone breaks; skin in tact |
| Bone fracture open/compound | Bone breaks; pierces skin |
| Bone repair reduction | help promote healing |
| Repair closed reduction | Dr. moves bone w/hand to promote healing |
| Repair open reduction | promote healing w/pins/screws |
| cast | immobolize bone to promote healing |
| Fibrocartilige | callus forms promote healing |
| Bone Sutures | meeting of bone plates |
| Skull | Suture; joints composed of cranial, hyoid, vertebral column & thoracic cage |
| Frontal | Bone that forms the forehead,largest lobe in the brain |
| Cranial | brain;8 frontal, parietal.temporal,occipital,ethmoid,sphenoid |
| Parietal Bone | 2bones-part of the brain positioned above (superior to) the occipital lobe and behind (posterior to) the frontal lobe. |
| Temporal | 2 bones sides of skull,in front of the occipital lobe & the sensory center of hearing in the brain. |
| Occipital | 1 O =opening=Occipital pyramid shape visual center of the brain. |
| Ethmoid | 1 spongy/porous separates the nasal cavity from the brain |
| Sphenoid | 1 petuitary gland, butterfly unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone |
| Facial Bones | 14 Nasal, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Mandable |
| Nasal Bones | 2, two bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose |
| Maxilla Bones | 2 two bones that make up the hard palate Holds teeth upper gums |
| Zygomatic Bone | 2 bones: Cheekbones |
| Mandable | the only movable facial bone, jaw |
| Fontanels | open spaces in baby's head no connective tissue |
| Vertebral Column | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx, |
| Cervical Region | neck; C1-C7 |
| Atlas C1 | Shake head yes |
| Axis C2 | name the cervical vertebra that allows the head to shake "NO" |
| Thoracic | 12 ribs all connected (T1-T2) |
| Lumbar | L1 - L5 |
| Sacrum | part of coxa |
| Thoracic Case | Sternum, ribs |
| Sternum | 3 Individual bones, arrowhead shape |
| Ribs | 12 prs(24)first 7 hv direct connection |
| True Ribs | First 7rib prs have direct connection to sternum thru cartlige |
| False Ribs | 8-12 have no connection to sternum; 11,12 are floating (no cartlige) |
| Joints | Articulation; bones,mobility |
| Fibrous Joint | btween flat bones;no movement held by connective tissue ex:sutures |
| Cartilageious Joint | limited movement |
| Synovial Joint | free movement articular cartilige, rope like |
| Synovial capsule | encircles the ends of joint w/fluid |
| Plane Joint | slips & glides |
| Hinge joint | moves only when in place ex: elbow, knee, phalanges |
| Pivot joint | radius & Ulna |
| Saddle Joint | Ex:thumb; ability to touch things w/thumb; hold things |
| Ball & Socket joint | ball goes in socket; wide range of motion Ex: humerus |
| Condyloid joint | joint between metacarpals & phalanges |
| Fibula | leg;side bone from Tibia;blocks pivot out from ankle |
| Tibia | T-bone flat on top |
| Foot | tarsals,metatarsals & phalanges |
| Knee | Patella |
| Femur | Lrgest bone in body; ball,neck,shaft |
| Pelvic Girdle | Coxa/Coxal |
| Pectoral Girdle | Clavicle, Scapula |
| Clavicle | Collar bone;Off Sternum connect to scapula |
| Scapula | shoulder blade |
| Humerus | long bone of arm;shoulder to elbow |
| Radius | thumb side of arm(radial pulse) spatula scoop end |
| Ulna | U shaped notch;swing back/forth;next to radius "C" notch at end |
| Carpal | meta carpals & phlanges |
| Long bone | long longitudinal axes & expanded ends EX: forearm & thigh bones |
| Short bones | Box like Ex: wrist ankles |
| Flat Bones | plate like structures Ex: Ribs & scapula |
| Irregular Bones | Catch all connected to other bones Ex:P Vertebre & Hip |
| Seasmoid (small) Bone | small embedded in tendons Ex:knee cap |
| Articulates | forms a joint |
| compact bone | wall of diaphysis, composed tightly packed tissue, matrix strong & resist bending |
| Spongy Bone | found in Epiphysis, bones & plates separated by irregular spaces,strong & resist bending |
| Endosteum | tissue lining the Medullary cavity, |
| Marrow | soft connective tissue that fills spaces in Medullary cavity |
| Osteon | basic unit of bone ie;Haversian System |
| Osteoblasts | bone builders, making bone matrix |
| Ossification | process of making bone tissue |
| Osteoclasts | Bone breaker, |
| Extra Cellular Matrix | Calcium Phosphate; Collagen & inorganoc salts give bones strength & resistance attached to the outer cell surface |
| Intramembrous bones | embryo bone cell development |
| Coccyx (tail bone) | small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column consisting of several fused vertebrae |
| Metaphysis | region involved in bone elongation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in growing bones |
| Pelvis | Sacrum, Coccyx, & pelvic girdle form bowl shaped pelvis, supports trunk of body |
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