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Biology Ch. 4 Vocabu
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basal Body | eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to a centriole |
| Central Vacuole: | A membrane-enclosed sac occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell, having diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development |
| Centrioles: | A structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9 and 0 pattern. |
| Chloroplasts: | An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protests that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic molecules (sugars) from carbon dioxide and water |
| Chromatin: | The complex of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffuse |
| Cilia: | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two single microtubules covered by the cell’s plasma membrane |
| Cytoskeleton: | A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell |
| Endomembrane System: | A network of membranes inside an around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): | An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded and ribosome-free regions |
| Endosymbiosis: | : A process by which the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from symbiotic associations between small prokaryotic cells living inside larger cells |
| Eukaryotic Cells: | A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and arcaea are composed of eukaryotic cells |
| Extra cellular Matrix (ECM) | A substance in which the cells of an animal tissue are embedded; consists of protein and polysaccharides Glycoprotein: A macromolecules consisting of one or more polypeptides liked to short chains of sugars |
| Golgi apparatus: | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Granum: | A stack of hollow disks formed of thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast. Grana are the sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Intermediate filaments: | : An intermediate-sized protein fiber that is one of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. (ropelike) |
| Intermembrane Space: | One of the two fluid-filled internal compartments of the mitochondrion. It is the narrow region between the inner and outer membranes |
| Lysomes: | A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest the cell’s food and wastes. |
| Microfilaments: | The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a solid helical rod composed of the globular protein actin |
| Microtubules: | The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a straight, hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins. They form the basis of the structure and movement of cilia and flagella |
| Mitochondria: | An organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by two concentric membranes, it is where most of the cell’s ATP is made |
| Mitochondrial Matrix: | The fluid contained within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| Nuclear Envelope: | A double membrane, perforated with pores, that encloses the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the eukaryotic cell. |
| Nucleolus: | A structure within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits |
| Nucleus: | 1. an atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. 2. The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell. |
| Peroxisome: | An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide |
| Plasmodesmata: | An open channel in a plant cell wall through which strands of cytoplasm connect from adjacent cells |
| Prokaryotic Cells: | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Ribosomes: | A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. |
| Rough endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm. They are studded with ribosome’s that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: | A network of interconnected membranous tubules in a eukaryotic cell’s cytoplasm, they lack ribosome’s |
| Transport Vesicle: | A tiny membranous sac in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. The vesicle buds from endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and eventually fuses with another membranous organelle or the plasma membrane, releasing its contents |
| Vacuoles: | A membrane-enclosed sac that is part of the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell, having diverse functions |
| Vesicles: | A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell. |
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ajepson28
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