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CH 14 -Brain
Stack #56617
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nervous system is resposible | for communication and control of body |
| First division of CNS is composed of | brain and spinal cord |
| What is function of CNS | its the body's link to enviroment and mantain homeostasis |
| @nd division of CNS is | Peripheral nervous system |
| The peripheral nervous system contains two main divisions | the somatic and the autonomic nervous system |
| The somatic nervous system sends messages | from the CNS to the skeletal muscles (voluntary muscles) |
| The auonomic system transmits messages | from the CNS to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and certain glands |
| The autonomic system is sometimes called | the involuntary nervous system because its action take place without conscious control |
| There are two broad categories of cells within the nervous system | the neuron and the neuroglial or glial cells |
| the neurons | are the transmitter cells. lThey carry mesages to and from the brain and spinal cord |
| The neuroglial or glial cells | are support cells to the neurons |
| The glial cells | support and protect the neurons while producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | continuously bathes the structures of the CNS |
| A NEURON (nerve cell) | is the basic nerve cell of the nervous system |
| A neuron is a separate unit composed of three main structures | the cell body, the axon and the dendrites |
| The cell body contains | a nucleu surrounded by cytoplasm |
| The AXON | is a cylindric extension of a nerve cell that donducts impulses AWAY from the neuron cell |
| The DENDRITES | and branching structures that extend from a cell body and RECEIVE impulses |
| A SYNAPSE | is the space (GAP) between each neuron |
| The Synapse | is defined as a region surrounding the point of contact between two neurons or between a neuron and an effectors organ across which nerve impulses are transmitted through the action of a neurotransmitter |
| All neurons are governed by the | "ALL OR NONE" Law |
| The "all or none" law means | there is NEVER a partial transmission of a message. The impulse is either strong enough or too weak to generate the message |
| The NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION | is the area of contact between the ends of a large myelinate nerve fiber and a fiber of skeletal muscle |
| The Neuromuscular Junction | area of contact is necessary for functioning of the body. |
| The neurotransmitters | act to make sure the neurological impulse passes from the nerve to the muscle. |
| NEUROTRANSMITTERS | are numerous chemicals the modify or result in the transmission of impulses between synapses |
| The synapse is | the gap between each neuron |
| The best known neurotransmitters are: | Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin |
| ACETYLCHOLINE | speeds the transmission of the impulse or nerve impulse transmission. |
| Cholinester | is an ensyme that is then released to to deactivate the acetylcholine once the message or impulse has been sent |
| NOREPINEPHRINE | has an effect on maintaining arousal (awakening from a deep sleep, dreaming, and regulating mood (happy, said) |
| DOPAMINE | primarily affect MOTOR function |
| Dopamine is involved in | gross subconscious movements of the skeletal muscles. |
| Dopamine also | plays a role in emotional responses. |
| Decrease in dopamine | in Parkinson's disease |
| Parkinson's Disease | tremors or involuntary muscle movements |
| SEROTIN | also a neurotransmitter that induces sleep, affects sensory perception and controls temperature and MOOD |
| Neuron Fibers = | Axons and Dendrites |
| Neuron fibers are covered | with a white, wxy, fatty material |
| MYELIN = | the neuron COVERING |
| Myelin | increases the rate of transmission of impulses and protects and insulates the fibers |
| Myeline protects and insulates | the fibers (axons and dendrites) |
| Nodes of RANVIER = | Layers of myelin with indentation that wrap the axons leaving the CNS |
| SCHWANN cells = | In the peripheral nervous system the msylin is produced by these cells |
| NEURILEMMA = | the outer membrane of the Schwann cells |
| injured Axons | are regenerated by the neurilemms layer (very important layer) |
| Regeneration of nerve cells | only occurs in the peripheral nervous system |
| Cells damaged in the CNS result in PERMANENT damage = | Paralysis |
| These cells do NOT have Neurilemma and are | NOT able to regenerate |
| CNS = | central nervous system |
| The CNS | one of TWO main divisions of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord |
| The CRANIUM | protects the the BRAIN |
| VERTEBRAL Column | protects the SPINAL CORD |
Created by:
Jaybob
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