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Genetics Test
7-3 TEST GENETICS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of heredity | genetics |
| passing characteristics from parents to offspring | heredity |
| characteristics that are inherited | traits |
| a trait that hides another | dominant |
| a triat that is hidden by another | recessive |
| an inherited factor that controls a trait | gene |
| PHysical Expression of genes | phenotype (ie - short) |
| GENetic makeup or GENe combination for a trait | genotype (ie - tt) |
| a normal body cell | somatic cell |
| joining sperm and egg | fertilization |
| cell formed FROM joining of sperm and egg | zygote |
| reproductive cells (sperm and egg) formed from meiosis are called | gametes |
| tool showing combinations of alleles/genes that results from reproduction | Punnett Square |
| which parent contributes the chromosome that determines gender? | dad (if he gives an X, it's a girl BUT if he gives a Y, it's a boy) |
| where are genes located? | on strands of DNA, on chromosomes, in the nuclei of all cells |
| How many cells are produced through one round of meiosis? | four |
| How many chromosomes are in the cells produced by meiosis? | half the "normal" amount (haploid) |
| How many cells are produced through one round of mitosis? | two |
| How many chromosomes are in the cells produced by mitosis? | the "normal"/diploid amount |
| What is written on the outside (top and left)of Punnett square? | parent genotypes |
| What is written on the inside of Punnett square? | possible offspring genotypes made from matching parents |
| Homozygous dominant means.. | two dominant alleles (TT) |
| Homozygous recessive means... | two recessive alleles (tt) |
| Heterozygous means... | one dominant and one recessive allele (Tt) - it will always appear dominant |
| How many chromosomes do humans have in our cells? | 46 in somatic cells; 23 in gametes |
| How did Mendel do his pea plant experiments? | He cross pollinated plants. 1st: purebred tall and short plants, and ended with all tall. This helped him understand there is one dominant allele and one recessive allele. Then he crossed those offspring and found 75% tall and 25% short plants. |
| possible forms for a trait | alleles [ie - the trait for height has two alleles: tall (T), short (t)] |
Created by:
jenhaugen01
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