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BIOL EXAM 1
Ch. 35-36
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| internode | region between nodes on plant stems |
| secondary growth | makes a plant increase in girth |
| Mesophyll | the green tissue in the interior of a leaf; a leaf's ground tissue system; the main site of photosynthesis. |
| dicots | Two cotyledons. Flower parts in fours or fives, vascular tissue in distinct bundles arranged in a circle, taproot system, leaves with netted veins. |
| Taproot | A main vertical root that develops from an embryonic root and gives rise to lateral (branch) roots. |
| Pneumatophore | aerial root in mangroves that increases the surface area exposed to the air at low tide for oxygen uptake |
| Stolon | a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips |
| Rhizome | a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure |
| Sclereid | a type of sclerenchyma cell which is short and irregular in shape, giving hardness to nutshells and gritty texture to pears |
| Axillary bud | structure that can form a lateral shoot (branch) |
| monocots | Have one cotyledon, flower parts in threes, leaves with parallel veins, and scattered vascular bundles |
| Petiole | joins the leaf to the stem at the node |
| Primary growth | growth in plant length |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Translocation | the transport of dissolved material within a plant |
| phase change | transition of matter from one state to another |
| Co-transport protein | simultaneously moves an ion and another material into the cell ( its process works with proton pump) |
| solute potential | proportional to the number of dissolved solutes. Solute potential is also called osmotic portential because solutes affect the direction of osmosis. Solutes are dissolved chemicals, which in plants are typically mineral ions and sugars. |
| pressure potential | A component of water potential that consists of the physical pressure on a solution, which can be positive, zero, or negative. |
| water potential | the capacity of water to do work, which is determined by its free energy content; water flows from positions of higher to lower free energy. increasing solute concentration decreases water potential |
| Tonoplast | A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the cell sap. |
| Symplast | system of transport within a plant consisting of openings in cell walls called plasmodesmata |
| Apoplast | pathway water moves through in cell walls from one cell to another without ever entering the cells |
| Hydroponic culture | a method in which plants are grown without soil by using mineral solutions |
| plant micronutrients | chlorine, copper, boron, iron, nickel, sodium, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. |
| Endomycorrhizae | hyphae penetrate the spaces between root cell walls and plasma membranes and grow along the surface of these membranes |
| Aquaporins | channel proteins that facilitate the diffusion of massive amounts of water across a membrane |
| Cork cambium | A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. |
| Organ identity genes | plant homeotic genes that use positional information to determine which emerging leaves develop into which types of floral organs |
| Collenchyma cells | • Lack secondary cell wall |
Created by:
amanda_panda
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