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Chapter 21
Abdomen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aneurysm | defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to therosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect |
| Anorexia | loss of appetite for food |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension |
| Borborygmi | loud gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis, occur with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea |
| Bruit | blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partiall occluded |
| Cecum | first or proximal part of large intestine |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Costal margin | lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs |
| Costovertebral Angle | angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney |
| Diastasis recti | midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Epigastrium | name of abdominal region between the costal margins |
| Eructation | belching |
| Hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| Hepatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| Hernia | abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature |
| Inguinal ligament | ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen |
| Linea alba | midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles |
| Melena | black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in the GI tract |
| Paralytic ileus | complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction |
| Peritonitis | inflammation of peritoneum |
| Pyloric stenosis | congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach |
| Peritoneal friction rub | rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation |
| Pyrosis | heartburn |
| Rectus abdominus muscle | midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone |
| Schaphoid | abnormally sunken abdominal muscles as with malnutrition or underweight |
| Splenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of spleen |
| Striae (linea albicantes) | silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity |
| Suprapubic | name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone |
| Tympany | high-pitched, musical, drumlike percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine |
| Viscera | internal organs |
| Umbilicus | depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord |
Created by:
lsthurston
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