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Evolution

Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection

QuestionAnswer
Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection: 1 Variation: Individuals in a population differ in characteristics. Such as morphology, behavior, etc. and these characteristics may affect the organism's ability to fight, swim, etc. under particular circumstances.
Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection: 2 Inheritance: Some of this variation is inherited. On average offspring tend to resemble their parents.
Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection: 3 Excess Reproduction: Organisms are capable of producing far more offspring than can survive in a world of limited resources. Creating competition. "Struggle for existance ~Darwin"
Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection: 4 Differential Survival: Because of differences between individuals and because of competition some individuals will leave more offspring than others.
Argument for Evolution by Natural Selection: 5 Evolution: Because of differential survival and inheritance through time, there will be a change in the gene composition of the population, which is by definition evolution.
Tinbergen's Four Questions: 1 Ultimate Causation: Survival value, adaptation or function. "The WHY Question."
Tinbergen's Four Questions: 2 Proximate Causation: The "HOW" Question. The baby bird opens its beak which triggers a hormonla or neural response in the parent to regurgitate food into the open mouth.
Tinbergen's Four Questions: 3 Development: Young parents may not feed offspring very often or very well but as they get older they get better at it.
Tinbergen's Four Questions: 4 Evolutionary History of Behavior: Feeding of nestlings evolved a long time ago deep inthe phylogeny of birds and this bird is simply doing what most other birds do.
3 ways selection operates: Directional Alleles shift in a consistant direction in resposne to directional change in the environment.
3 ways selection operates: Stabilizing The central portion of the distribution is favored and extreme phenotypes are eliminated. *Trade-off: In oder to increase benefit for one funciton you pay a cost from another function.
3 ways selection operates: Disruptive (Both extremes are favored) The intermediate forms are selected against. Ex: Coho Salmon, only large or very small no intermediate size
Evolution A change in gene frequency of populations through time.
Who is Wynne-Edwards, who wrote "Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour" in 1962 Said "Organisms are molded by natural selection to do the things that they do to perpetuate their species, i.e. they do things for the good of the species" NOT TRUE,
Who is George Williams and W.D. Hamilton *Organisms behave for the benefit of themselves, or their own genes, NOT for the group.
Who is E.O. Wilson Book: "Sociobiology: The New Sythesis. Said "we're not just talking about the birds and bees, natural selection applies to humans and humans are best understood in light of natural selection.
Who is Richard Dawkins Book "The Selfish Gene" argued "it isn't individuals that are calling the shots, it is the genes themselves. Genes do things that favor copies of themselves over copies of other genes.
Created by: ncconsty
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