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Microbiology AEB

Microbiology exam 1 flashcards

QuestionAnswer
Chloramphenicol Broad spectrum bacteriostatic antimicrobial. (Gram+/-) that binds to the 23S rRNA on the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibits peptide bond formation.
Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin) type of antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. Binds to a protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit, causes misreading of mRNA. First antibiotic to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cannot be given orally.
Tetracycline (doxycycline) Broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Interferes with attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome.
Macrolide (Erythromycin) Antibiotic that binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit which blocks peptide bond formation. This is a macrolide antibiotic, lactone ring attached to a sugar. Common for people with penicillin allergies.
Ansamycin (Rifampicin/rifamycin). type of antibiotic that binds to beta subunit of RNA polymerase inhibiting transcription. Shows significant affect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Glycopeptide (Vacomycin). Last resort antibiotic that is used only for the most resistant strains like MRSA. Inhibit cell wall syntheisis by binding to acyl-D-alanyl-D-Alanine of NAG-NAM complex and prevent it from being incorporated into growing wall.
Penicillin. Beta-lactam, antibiotic that inhibits cross linking of the cell wall. The beta-Lactam binds to the DD-transpeptidase and is mostly effects gram positive. Clavulanic acid is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, which cleaves beta-lactam found in penicillins.
Bacitracin. Topical antibiotic that attacks gram positive cell walls. Blocks dephosphorylation of the C55-bactoprenol (isoprenyl pyrophosphate)- which carries NAG and NAM outside the cell membrane.
Triclosan (poly-chloro-phenoxyphenol). binds to bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (ENR). When complexed, the triclosan-ENR binds to NAD+ strongly which prevents fatty acid synthesis.
Polyene (Nystatin/Amphotericin-B). Antifungal that binds to ergosterol (major component of fungal cell wall), forms a transmembrane channel that leaks ions (sodium, potassium, etc) and kills the cell.
Polymyxin (colistin). Antibiotic with a large cyclic peptide with hydrophobic tail that binds to LPS and then disrupts cell membrane in a detergent like fashion with the hydrophobic tail.
Cell Membrane antimicrobials. Polymyxin (colistin), polyene (Nystatin/Amphotericin-B) Triclosan (poly-chloro-phenoxyphenol).
Cell Wall antimicrobials. Bacitracin, penicillin, cephalosporin, ampicillin, glycopeptide (vanomycin)
Protein synthesis antimicrobials. Chloroamphenicol, Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin), Tetracycline (doxycycline), macrolide (erythromycin)
Nucleic Acid antimicrobials. Ansamycin (Rifampicin/rifamycin)
Sulfonamide. Folic acid synthesis inhibitor, functions as an analogue of PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) which is a precursor to Folic acid.
Trimethoprim (benzylpyrimidine)/methotrexate – inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, which reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate is the biologically active form of folic acid
Created by: alex01tib
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