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evolution flash card

evolution

QuestionAnswer
fossil is evidence of an organism that lived long ago
spontaneous generation the idea that nonliving material can produce life
biogenesis the idea that living organisms come from other liveing organisms
photocell large ordered structure, enclosed by a membran, that carries out some life activities such as growth and division
archaebacteria are prokaryotes that live in harsh environments
artificial selection breeeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits is called artificial selection
natural selection a mechanism for change in population; occurs when organisms with certain variations pass these on to the next genreation.
mimicry a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species
camouflage an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings
homologous structures structural features with a common evolutionary origin
analogous structures body parts of organisms that donot have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
vestigial structure a body structure that has function in present day organisms, but was probably used in ancestors
embryo earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals
gene pool all of the populations alleles grouped together
allelic frequency the percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool
genetic equilibrium populations in which the frequency of allels remains the same over generations as being in a genetic equilibrium
genetic drift the alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events
stabilizing selection natural selection that favors average individiuals in a population
directional selection occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
disruptive selection individuals with either extreme or trait's variation are selected for
speciation the evolution of new species occuring when organisms of one speices breed with another
geographic isolation occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population
reproductive isolation occurs when formerly interbreedingf organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring
polyploid any species with a normal set of chromosomes
gradualism idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptation
punctuated equilibrium speciation occurs relatively quikly, in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibriium in between
adaptive radiation when an ancestral species evolve into an array of sepcies to fit a number of diverse habitats
divegent evoultion the pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral sepcies diverge, or become increasingly distinct
convergent evolution a pattern of evolution in which distanly related organisms evolve similar traiats
primate a group of mammals taht includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humean that share common traits
opposable thum a thumb that can cross the palm to meet the other fingertips
anthropoids humanlike primates
prehensile tail a long musclar tail onmost monkeys
hominids primates that can walk on 2 legs (resemble humans)
bipedal meaning able to walk on two legs
neandrathals lived from about 35000 to 100,000 years ago in europe asia and the middle easts.
cro-magnons were identical to humans in modern height, skull structrure, tooth structure, and brain size
Created by: Crewsms20
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