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Plant Pathology Ch1
Plant Pathology Ch1 Vicab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abiotic | pertaining to the absence of life. Abiotic diseases are not caused by living organisms, but by chemical and physical factors. (see also noninfectious) (contrasts with biotic, infectious) |
| avoidance | principle of plant disease management in which plants are grown at times or locations where the pathogen is inactive or not present |
| biotic | relating to life, as disease caused by living organisms (see also infectious) (contrasts with abiotic, noninfectious) |
| biotroph | an organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism (see also obligate parasite) (contrasts with necrotroph) |
| biotype | a subdivision of a species, subspecies, or race based on some identifiable physiological trait such as a specific virulence pattern |
| colonize | to infect and ramify through plant tissue via the growth of a pathogen |
| direct penetration | penetration of plant tissues by a pathogen through barriers such as leaf cuticle by chemical and physical means (e.g., penetration peg) (contrasts with indirect penetration) |
| disease | abnormal functioning of an organism |
| disease cycle | succession of all events and interactions among the host, parasite, and environment that occur in a disease, from initial infection of the plant by a causal agent, through pathogenesis, to over-seasoning, until another infection occurs |
| disease triangle | a memory aid that diagrams the three important components necessary for disease: susceptible plant, virulent pathogen, and favorable environment (contrasts with disease pyramid) |
| eradication | management of plant disease by eliminating the pathogen after it is established or by eliminating the plants that carry the pathogen |
| exclusion | management of disease by excluding the pathogen or infected plant material from crop production areas (e.g., by quarantines and embargoes) |
| facultative | capable of changing lifestyle, e.g., from saprophytic to parasitic or the reverse |
| facultative parasite | organism that is normally saprophytic but is capable of being parasitic |
| facultative saprophyte | organism that is normally parasitic but is capable of being saprophytic |
| fruiting body | any of various complex, spore-bearing fungal structures |
| germ theory | the theory that infectious or contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms (germs) |
| haustorium | specialized branch of a parasite formed inside host cells to absorb nutrients |
| host range | the range of plants on which an organism, particularly a parasite, feeds |
| incubation period | the time between penetration of a host by a pathogen and the first appearance of disease symptoms; the time during which microorganisms inoculated onto a medium are allowed to grow |
| indirect penetration | penetration of plant tissues by a pathogen through natural openings (e.g., stomata) or wounds (contrasts with direct penetration) |
| infect | to enter, invade, or penetrate and establish a parasitic relationship with a host plant |
| infection court | site in or on a host plant where infection can occur |
| infectious | pertaining to a disease, capable of spreading from plant to plant (see also biotic) (contrasts with abiotic, noninfectious) |
| inoculate | to place inoculum in an infection court; to insert a pathogen into healthy tissue |
| Koch's postulates | the procedure used to prove the pathogenicity of an organism, i.e., its role as the causal agent of a disease |
| latent period | the time between infection and the production of new inoculum; the time after a vector has acquired a pathogen and before it can be transmitted |
| monocyclic | having one disease or life cycle per growing season (contrasts with polycyclic) |
| necrotroph | a parasite that typically kills and obtains its energy from dead host cells (contrasts with biotroph, obligate parasite) |
| necrotroph | a parasite that typically kills and obtains its energy from dead host cells (contrasts with biotroph, obligate parasite) |
| noninfectious | pertaining to a disease that is caused by an abiotic agent that cannot be transmitted from one plant to another (see also abiotic) (contrasts with biotic, infectious) |
| obligate parasite | organism that can grow only as a parasite in association with its host plant and cannot be grown in artificial culture media (see also biotroph) (contrasts with necrotroph) |
| parasite | organism that lives in intimate association with another organism on which it depends for its nutrition; not necessarily a pathogen |
| pathogen | a disease-producing organism or agent |
| pathogenicity | ability to cause disease |
| polycyclic | having several to many disease cycles in a growing season (contrasts with monocyclic) |
| primary inoculum | inoculum, usually from an overwintering source, that initiates disease in the field, as opposed to inoculum that spreads disease during the season (see also initial inoculum) (contrasts with secondary inoculum) |
| protection | various methods of plant disease management, including cultural practices that create barriers or reduce the chance of infection, chemical protection, methods of biological control that protect plants, and genetic resistance. |
| saprophyte | an organism that obtains nourishment from nonliving organic matter (see also saprobe, saprotroph) |
| secondary inoculum | inoculum produced by infections that took place during the same growing season (contrasts with initial inoculum, primary inoculum) |
| sign | indication of disease from direct observation of a pathogen or its parts (contrasts with symptom) |
| spontaneous generation, theory of | the theory, now known to be invalid, that plants, animals, and microorganisms arise from nonliving materials under certain environmental conditions |
| spore | reproductive structure of fungi and some other organisms, containing one or more cells; a bacterial cell modified to survive an adverse environment |
| symptom | indication of disease by reaction of the host, e.g., canker, leaf spot, wilt (contrasts with sign) |
| transmit | to spread or transfer, as in spreading an infectious pathogen from plant to plant or from one plant generation to another |
| vector | living organism able to carry and transmit a pathogen and disseminate disease |
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Liwa91
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