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Central Nervous Sys
Lecture Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Embryonic Brain Development Primary Brain Vesicles (Know Table in Lecture Guide). | Prosencephalon, Mesencphalon, Rhombencephalon |
| Secondary Brain Vesicles | Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencphalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon. (Tel Di Mes Met My Mom). |
| Prosencephalon Becomes: | Telencephalon-cerebrum, lateral ventricles. Diencephalon- Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, Third ventricle. |
| Mesencphalon Becomes: | Mesencephalon-Midbrain (cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina), Mesencephalic (Cerebral) aqueduct. |
| Rhombencephalon Becomes: | Metencephalon-Pons and cerebellum, Anterior part of fourth ventricle. Myelencephalon-Medulla oblongata, Posterior part of fourth ventricle. |
| Cranial Meninges | Connective tissue layers surrounding the BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD. Dura, arachnoid and pia maters. Functions: Separate brain from skull. Enclose & protect blood vessels supplying brain. Contain & circulate cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Brain Ventricles | Lateral Ventricles, Septum pellucidum, Third ventricle, Mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct, Fourth ventricle. |
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) | Produced in the choriod plexus-made of ependymal cells. Clear, colorless. Circulates through ventricles. Functions: Buoyancy, Protection, Environmental stability-transports nutrients, chemical messengers, removes waste. |
| Hydrocephalus | "Water on the brain." Excessive CSF. Caused by: obstruction of CSF flow, Intrinsic problems w/ the arachnoid villi which drain CSF. Treatments:Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP). Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (EVT). |
| Cerebrum | Location of conscious thought processes. 2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum. Gyri and sulci account for large cerebral surface area. |
| Cerebrum superficial gray matter | Cortex. Houses motor neurons cell bodies. |
| Cerebrum deep white matter | Houses myelinated axons |
| Lobes of the Cerebrum | Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insula |
| Frontal Lobe | Decision making, personality, verbal communication, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles. |
| Parietal lobe | Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes, understanding speech. |
| Temporal lobe | Auditory and olfactory experience |
| Occipital | Vision |
| Insula | Taste, memory |
| Frontal Lobotomy | "Cure" for people who were violent or profoundly disturbed. Japan: on children who did bad in school. USA: prisoners for early parole. 1930s-50s. Replaced by depression & psychiatric meds. Needle probe through eye area into brain. |
| Functional areas of the Cerebrum | Pre-central gyrus, Post-central gyrus, Association areas. |
| Pre-central gyrus | Contains primary motor cortex. Somatic motor control. |
| Post-central gyrus | Contains somatosensory cortex. Somatic sensory control. |
| Association areas | All cortical regions other than primary sensory and motor areas. |
| Homunculus | A map of the primary motor and sensory cortexes of the brain. Body part size corresponds to relative innervation of body part. Movement versus sensation. |
| Cerebral White Matter | ASSOCIATION TRACTS-connect dif parts of same hemisphere. COMMISSURAL TRACTS-connect hemispheres (corpus callosum). PROJECTION TRACTS-run vertically; convey sensory & motor information. |
| Diencephalon | Consists of thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus. Composed primarily of gray matter. |
| Epithalamus | Forms posterior roof of diencephalon & covers the third ventricle. HABENULAR NUCLEI-relays signals from the limbic system. Involved in the visceral & emotional responses to odors. PINEAL GLAND-secretes melatonin to regulate circadian rhythms. |
| Thalamus | Lies on either side of the third ventricle. Principle relay point for sensory & motor information into cerebrum. Interthalamic adhesion. |
| Hypothalamus Functions | Behavior, Endocrine, Emotion, Temperature control, Sleep/Wake cycles, Hunger/Thirst, Autonomic control, Memory (BEET SHAM) |
| Cerebellum | Smooths & coordinates body movements via: Info on equilibrium & posture, Info on current movements, Proprioception: Sensation of positions of body parts relative to each other, allows touching your nose w/ eyes closed. Hemispheres, vermis, arbor vitae. |
| Brain Stem | "Primitive Brain." Bidirectional passageway between cerebrum & spinal cord. Contains many autonomic & reflex centers essential for survival. Includes the mesencephalon, pons, & medulla oblongata. |
| Medulla Oblongata | Vasomotor center. Controls BP through vasoconstriction & vasodilation. Cardiac center. Respiratory center, Reflexes: coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, etc. Point of attachment for cranial nerves. |
| Limbic System | "Emotional Brain." Involved in motivation, emotion, and memory. |
| Spinal Cord | Gray matter is deep. Central canal. Anterior, lateral, & posterior horns. White matter is superficial. Anterior, lateral, & posterior funiculi. Anterior median fissure, Posterior median sulcus, Dorsal root ganglion. Meninges. |
| Alzheimer Disease | Progressive degenerative disease of the brain. Results in dementia. 5-15% of people over 65 develop it. Symptoms: Mem loss, depression, disorientation. Caused by: Neurofibrillary tangles, Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP) or senile plaques. Lose brain mass |
| Parkinson Disease | Affects muscle movement and balance. Symptoms, stiff posture, Expressionless face, slow movements, resting tremor, shuffling gait. Caused by lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
Created by:
punkaloo
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