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MH Chap 4
Psychobiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| R an important role in human emotions and behavior, and are the target for the mechanism of action in many psychotropic medications. | Neurotransmitters |
| Wat r the 4 major categories of neurotransmitters | Cholinergics; Monoamines; Amino acids; Neuropeptides |
| Neurochemical influences on sleep-wake cycle | Serotonin and L-tryptophan; Norepinephrine; GABA Acetylcholine |
| Total set of genes in an individual | Genotype |
| Characteristics that are not only genetic but also may be acquired | Phenotypes |
| Neurochemicals that may influence the immune system: | Growth hormone; Testosterone; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Serotonin |
| structure and functioning of the various parts of the brain and their correlation to human behavior and psychopathology | Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology |
| various functions of the never cells including the role of neurotransmitters, receptors, synaptic activities, and informational pathways | Neuronal processes |
| the interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems, and the role that the endocrine glands and their respective hormones play in behavioral functioning | Neuroendocrinology |
| hereditary factors that predispose individuals to certain psychiatric disorders | Behavioral Genetic influences |
| the influence of stress on the immune system and its role in the susceptibility to illness | Psychoimmunology |
| the increasing use of psychotropics in the treatment of mental illness, demanding greater knowledge of psychopharmacological principles and RN interventions necessary for safe and effective management | Psychopharmacology |
| the importance of keeping informed about the latest in technological procedures for diagnosing alterations in brain structure and function | Diagnostic technology |
| the study of the biological foundations of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes | Psychobiology |
| Wat is called 'the emotional brain' | the limbic system |
| Wat is the limbic system associated with | feelings of fear and anxiety; anger, rage, and aggression; love, joy, and hope; sexuality and social behavior |
| Wat does the 3 classes of neurons include | afferent(sensory) efferent(motor) interneurons |
| Wat are 4 technologies used as diagnostic tools in detecting alterations in psychobiological functioning | MRI; CT; PET; EEG |
| The autonomic nervouse system and the endocrince system serve as the communication links between the ______ and the _____, _______, and _______. | brain; cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands of which the internal organs are composed. |
| (corticotropin-releasing hormone)CRH, corticotropin, and cortisol influence the functions of the | nerve cells of the brain |
| The hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenals system is overactive in both ____ and ______. | anxiety and depression |
| Wat influences various physiological and behavioral parameters, such as, body temp regulation, patterns of eating & drinking, and hormone secretion over a 24-hour cycle | circadian rhythms |
| Although neurons come in a great variety of shapes and sizes, all carry out the same three types of physiological action | They respond to stimuli, they conduct electrical impulses, and they release chemicals called neurotransmitters. |
| The enzyme that destroys acetylcholine is | acetylcholinesterase |
| When a neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic cell from which it was originally released by a process called | cellular reuptake |
| The destructive enzyme for monoamine transmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin is | Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) |
| Proteins and even simple gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide that are released by postsynaptic cells and influence the growth, shape, and activity of presynaptic cells. | Neurotrophic factors |
| estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol are considered to be what type of hormones? | steroid hormones |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in dopamine levels have? | Parkinson's disease, depression |
| What association with mental health does an increase of dopamine levels have? | Schizophrenia, mania |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in norepinephrine levels have? | depression |
| What association with mental health does an increase in norepinephrine levels have? | Mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in serotonin levels have? | depression |
| What association with mental health does an increase of serotonin levels have? | Anxiety states |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in histamin levels have? | Depression, sedation, and weight gain. |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in GABA levels have? | Anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, Huntington's chorea. |
| What association with mental health does an increase in GABA levels have? | Reduction of anxiety |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in Glutamate levels have? | Psychomimetic state that resembles schizophrenia. |
| What association with mental health does an increase in Glutamate levels have? | Improvement of cognitive performance in behavioral tasks. |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in acetylcholine levels have? | Alzeheimer's disease, Huntingtons chorea, Parkinson's disease. |
| What association with mental health does an increase in acetylchonie levels have? | Depression |
| What association with mental health does a change in Substance P (SP) levels have? | Regulation of mood and anxiety is effected, and it has a role in pain management. |
| What association with mental health does a decrease in Somatostatin levels have? | Alzheimer's disease, decreased levels of SRIF found in spinal fluid of some depressed clients. |
| What association with mental health does an increase in somatostatin levels have? | Hungington's chorea |
| The mesoloimbic and mesocortical pathways use what as their neurotransmitters. | norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine |
| The transmitters that have been most consistently linked to mental activity are: | Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. |
| It is thought that a deficiency of norepinephrine or serotonin, or both may serve as the biological basis of | depression |
| Thought disorders such as schizophrenia are associated physiologically with excess transmission of the neurotransmitter | dopamine |
| Most antianxiety drugs act by increasing the effectiveness of this transmitter. | GABA |
| ____ is said to play a role in modulating neuronal excitability and anxiety | GABA |
| ______ is used not only by neurons involved in thought processes but also by neurons involved in the regulation of movement. | dopamine |
| _____ is the hypothalamic factor which inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. | dopamine |
| The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervouse system. | acetylcholine |
| The adverse effects of this type of receptor blockage are blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and tachycardia. | Th Muscarinic Cholinergic Blocker |
| Blockage of dopamine transmission can lead to increased | pituitary secretion of prolactin |
| Catecholamines Secreted by? | Adrenal Medulla, affect Sympathetic Nervous System in Stress response |
| Epinephrine secreted in response to? | Fear, Physical Injury |
Created by:
mromerobr
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