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Bio192 Test 1
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 Domains ? | Bateria, Archaea, and Eukrya |
| What is the origin of life? | Earth was formed 4,5 bya and as it cooled life arose spontaneously |
| What is the Panspermia Hypothesis about? | Life infected Earth from another plantet |
| What are the Fundemental Properties of life? | Cellular organization, Sensitivity, Growth, Development, Reproduction, Regulation, Homeostasis, and Heredity |
| What molecules are included in “Reducing Atmosphere”? | CO2, N2, H2O, and H2 |
| What was the first genetic material? | RNA |
| What is Taxonomy? | The science of classifying things |
| What is a Taxon? | A classification level |
| Who proposed a 6 Kingdom System? | Carl Woese |
| What is Analogous? | Similarities due to convergent evolution |
| What is Homologous? | Similarities in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry |
| Which method did microbs swap information? | Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) |
| What does Bacteria Extract and Recycle? | Extracts Nitrogen and Recycles Carbon |
| What are some characteristics of Archaea? | Cell wall lacks peptoglycan, Membrane lipids are branched, and has a Distinct rRNA sequences |
| What is Poraphyletic? | Means that it doesn’t fit well in the Taxonomic Tree |
| What is Endosymbiotic? | When one organism is living within another |
| What makes Archeae bacteria unique? | They are extremeophiles (Live in extreme conditions) |
| What are Halophiles? | Type of extremeophile, Live in extremely salty environments, Ex) Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake |
| What are Thermophiles? | Type of extremeophile, Live in extreme Temperatures, Ex) Deep Sea Vents, Yellow Stones Hot Springs |
| Grean Algae consists of 2 monophyletic groups - What are they? | Chlocophyta and Streptophyta |
| What are Microfossils? | Fossils formed from microscopic life *Oldest are 3 1 |
| What are Stromatolites? | Mats of cynobacterial cells that trap mineral deposits |
| What are Biomarkers? | Organic Molecules of biological orgin |
| What are some Prokaryotic Features? | Unicellularity, Cell size is less less than 1μm, Has circular double-stranded DNA |
| What are the 2 Types of Photosynthesis? | Oxygenic and Nonoxygenic |
| What does Chemolithotrophic mean? | Prokaryotes derive energy from inorganic molecules |
| What is the Diffrence between Archaea and Bacteria? | Bacteria has a peptiglycan cell wall, DNA replication and transcription of Archaea are more similar to Eukaryotes |
| What is Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology? | A book containing over 7000 bacterial species |
| What are the 3 Major growth forms of Bacteria? | Bacillus, Coccus, and Spirillum |
| What is a Positive Gram Stain? | Thick peptidoglycan wall (purple) |
| What is a Negative Gram Stain? | Thin peptidoglycan wall (pink), contain Lipopolysaccharides, and is resistant to many antibiotics |
| What is an S-Layer in Bacteria? | A rigid paracrystalline later that helps as a protective mechanism |
| What is a Capsul in Bacteria? | A Gelatinous later in some bacteria and Protects from the Immune System |
| What is Pili? | Short, Hairlike Structures that are foung in Gram (-) |
| How do prokaryotes reproduce? | By Horizontal Gene Transfer → Conjugation, Transduction, or by Transformation |
| What is Conjugation? | Cell to Cell Contact |
| What is Transduction? | By bacteriophages |
| What is Transformation? | HGT by the enviorment |
| What are –R (resistant) plasmids? | Encode antibiotic resistant genes |
| How do Autotrophs acquire Carbon? | From inorganic CO2 |
| How to Heterotrophs acquire Carbon? | From organic molecules |
| What are Photoautotrophs? | Cynabateria |
| What are Chemolitoautotrophs? | Nitrifiers |
| What are Photoheterotrophs? | Purple and green nonsulfer bacteria |
| What are Chemoheterotrophs? | Most prokaryotes |
| What is an example of Human bacterial Disease? | Dental carries (tooth decay) or Perptic Ulcers |
| How many Fungal Species to Mycologist believe there are? | 1 ½ million |
| When did Animals and Fungi last share a common ancestor? | 460mya |
| What are the 7 Monophyletic Phyla Groups of Fungi? | Microsporidia, Blastocladiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota -Zygomycota (not monophyletic just now) |
| What Fungi Phylum are the Imperfect Fungi? | Deuteromycetes |
| What is Hyphae? | long, slender filaments made up of Hypha |
| What does Coenocytic mean? | Continuouse hyphae |
| What divides hyphae? | Septa |
| What is Mycelium? | A mass of connected hyphae |
| What are the cell walls of Fungi made up of? | Chitin |
| What is Chiten? | Modified cellulos consisting of polymers of linked glucoses with added nitrogen groups |
| What does Monokaryotic mean? | Only one nucleus |
| What does Dikaryotic mean? | Two Nuclei |
| How does sexual reproduction in Fungi occur? | Involves the fusion of two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types |
| What is the most common means of reproduction among fungi? | spores |
| How do fungi obtain their food? | They secrete digestive enzymes into their food then absorb it |
| What is an example of Microsporidia? | Encephalitozoon cuniculi |
| What Phylum of fungi is probably the most closest related to ancient fungi? | Chytridiomycota |
| What Phylum do bread mold belong in? | Zygomycetes belong in the Zygomuycetes group |
| Where does sexual reproduction begin in Zygomycetes? | Fusion of gametangia |
| Asexual reproduction of Zygomycetes include what kind of spores? | Sporanglophores What kind of sexual reproduction structures does Basidiomycota have? |
| What kind of sexual reproduction structures does Ascomycota have? | Ascocarp and Conidispores |
| What does Protist Mitochondria have in common with Bacteria? | Have similar DNA, the mitochondrial ribosomes are similar to bacteria ribosomes |
| What causes locomotion in Prostist? | Flagellas, Cilia, Or Pseudopodia (false feet) |
| What are mixotrophs? | They are both phototrophic and heterotrophic (found in protists) |
| What is Binary Fission? | In asexual reproduction the production of 2 equal cells |
| What is Budding? | In asexual reproduction, one daughter cell is smaller |
| What is Schizogony? | Multiple Fission, cell devision preceded by several divisions |
Created by:
cristiansandoval
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